TISSUE CULTURE

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Tissue culture is the cultivation of plant cells, tissues, or organs on specially formulated nutrient media. Under the right conditions, an entire plant can be regenerated from a single cell. Plant tissue culture is a technique that has been around for more than 30 years. Tissue culture is seen as an important technology for developing countries for the production of disease-free, high quality planting material and the rapid production of many uniform plants. Micropropagation, which is a form of tissue culture, increases the amount of planting material to facilitate distribution and large-scale planting. In this way, thousands of copies of a plant can be produced in a short time. Micropropagated plants are observed to establish more quickly, grow more vigorously and taller, have a shorter and more uniform production cycle, and produce higher yields than conventional propagules.

Plant tissue culture is a straightforward technique and many developing countries have already mastered it. Its application only requires a sterile workplace, nursery, and green house, and trained manpower. Unfortunately, tissue culture is labor intensive, time consuming, and can be costly. Plants important to developing countries that have been grown in tissue culture are oil palm, plantain, pine, banana, date, eggplant, jojoba, pineapple, rubber tree, cassava, yam, sweet potato, and tomato. This application is the most commonly applied form of biotechnology in Africa.

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Description

INTRODUCTION
TYPES OF TISSUE CULTURE
SEED CULTURE
EMBRYO CULTURE
CALLUS CULTURE
CALLUS
ORGAN CULTURE
PLASMA CLOT METHOD
RAFT METHOD
AGAR GEL METHOD
GRID METHOD
PROTOPLAST CULTURE
PROTOPLAST
MARKET OVERVIEW OF TISSUE CULTURE
METHOD OF PLANT TISSUE CULTURE
INITIATION PHASE (STAGE 1)
MULTIPLICATION PHASE (STAGE 2)
ROOT FORMATION (STAGE 3)
PLANT TISSUE CULTURE
THE PROCESS OF PLANT TISSUE CULTURE
TECHNIQUE FOR PLANT IN VITRO CULTURE
MICROPROPAGATION
SOMATIC CELL GENETICS
TRANSGENIC PLANTS
STEPS IN TISSUE CULTURE
INITIATION PHASE
MULTIPLICATION PHASE
ROOT FORMATION
SHOOT FORMATION
ACCLIMATIZATION
GENERAL PROCEDURE OF PLANT TISSUE CULTURE
PREPARATION OF EXPLANT
SURFACE STERILIZATION OF EXPLANT
SEEDS
FRUITS
LEAVES
PRODUCTION OF CALLUS FROM EXPLANTS
PROLIFERATION OF CALLUS
SUB CULTURING OF CALLUS
SUSPENSION CULTURE
DETAILS OF STOCK SOLUTION
SOLUTION PREPARATION
PREPARATION OF THE MURASHIGE & SK000 BASAL MEDIUM (MS)
PREPARATION OF STOCK SOLUTIONS
STOCK A: SALTS
STOCK B: MGSO4
STOCK C:
STOCK D: VITAMINS
MS BASAL SOLUTION*
PREPARATION OF SOLUTION VGA
PREPARATION OF VITAMIN SOLUTION
PREPARATION OF HORMONE STOCK SOLUTION
GIBBERELLIC ACID (GA3)
NAPHTHALENEACETIC ACID (NAA)
BENZYLAMINOPURINE (BAP]
INDOLEACETIC ACID (IAA)
KINETIN (KIN)
2, 4-D DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID
PREPARATION OF ANTIBIOTICS
SODIUM CEFOTAXIME (CLAFORAN)
PREPARATION OF CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE
PREPARATION OF AN ACARICIDE SOLUTION
PREPARATION OF SOLUTIONS FOR PH ADJUSTMENT
SOLUTION TO BRING UP THE PH POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE.
(KOH) I N
USES
DETAILS OF TISSUE CULTURE LABORATORY
MICROPROPAGATION UNIT
BASIC PROCESSES
BASIC ORGANIZATION
WASHING AND MEDIA PREPARATION AREA
CULTURE AREA
PRODUCTION PROCESS
IN VITRO CULTURE ESTABLISHMENT STAGE
PRODUCTION STAGE
ASEPTIC CONDITIONS IN THE LABORATORY
ASEPSIS IN THE FACILITIES
ASEPSIS IN THE WASHING AND MEDIA PREPARATION ROOM
ASEPSIS IN THE TRANSFERENCE ROOM
ASEPSIS IN THE CULTURE ROOM
PREBASIC SEED PRODUCTION PLAN
TISSUE CULTURE OF BANANA
COLLECTION OF SUCKERS
DISINFECTION OF PROPAGULE
INOCULATION
MAINTENANCE OF SHOOT CULTURES
PROLIFERATION OF SHOOTS (SUBCULTURE)
ROOTING
PREPARING TISSUE-CULTURED BANANA PLANTLETS FOR FIELD PLANTING
GREEN HOUSE TECHNOLOGY
TYPES OF GREEN HOUSES
GREENHOUSE AREA
LOCATING A GREENHOUSE ESTABLISHMENT
TOPOGRAPHY
DRAINAGE
WATER SUPPLY
SOLAR RADIANT ENERGY
AIR POLLUTION
SPACE FOR EXPANSION
SOIL SUPPLY
OPERATING COSTS
MEDIA CONSTITUENTS FOR GREEN HOUSE
PLANT MICRO-PROPAGATION
INORGANIC NUTRIENTS
ORGANIC NUTRIENTS
NITROGENOUS SUBSTANCES
CARBON SOURCE
GROWTH HORMONES
AUXINS
CYTOKININS
GIBBERELLINS
AGAR
PH
INORGANIC SALTS
AMINO ACIDS AND AMIDES
WATER
DESIGNS AND CLASSIFICATION OF GREENHOUSE
CLASSIFICATION OF GREENHOUSE BASED ON SUITABILITY AND COST.
A) LOW COST OR LOW-TECH GREENHOUSE
B) MEDIUM-TECH GREENHOUSE
C) HI-TECH GREENHOUSE
OTHER CLASSIFICATIONS
CLASSIFICATION AS PER TYPE OF STRUCTURE
CLASSIFICATION AS PER GLAZING
CLASSIFICATION BASED ON NUMBER OF SPANS
CLASSIFICATION BASED ON ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL
POLY HOUSE
A) NATURALLY VENTILATED POLYHOUSE
B) ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLLED POLYHOUSE
SHADE HOUSE
ORIENTATION OF GREENHOUSE/POLYHOUSE
DESIGN
A) DEAD LOAD
B) LIVE LOAD
C) WIND LOAD
D) SNOW LOAD
ORIENTATION
WIND EFFECTS
SIZE OF THE GREENHOUSE
SPACING BETWEEN GREENHOUSES
HEIGHT OF GREENHOUSE
STRUCTURAL DESIGN
DIFFERENT COMPONENTS OF GREENHOUSE
CLADDING MATERIAL
COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT KINDS OF COVERING MATERIALS.
PLANT GROWING STRUCTURES / CONTAINERS IN GREENHOUSE PRODUCTION.
ADVANTAGES OF CONTAINERS IN GREENHOUSE PRODUCTION
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF PLANT GROWING CONTAINERS.
TABLES
TABLE – 1
TABLE – 2
TABLE – 3
WASHING-UP FACILITIES AND PREPARATION OF DISTILLED WATER
PREPARATION OF CULTURE MEDIA FOR GREENHOUSE PLANT MICRO-PROPAGATION
INCUBATION OF CULTURES
STERILIZATION OF MATERIAL
BASIC MINERAL NUTRIENTS
SOLID MEDIA
STATIONARY LIQUID MEDIA
AGITATED LIQUID MEDIA
CONTINUOUS IMMERSION
PERIODIC IMMERSION
MEDIA PREPARATION AND FUMIGATION METHOD FOR GREEN HOUSE PRODUCTION
MEDIA PREPARATION FOR GREENHOUSE PRODUCTION
GRAVEL CULTURE
DESIRABLE NUTRIENT LEVEL IN GREENHOUSE GROWTH MEDIA
MEDIA INGREDIENTS AND MIX
PASTEURIZATION OF GREENHOUSE PLANT GROWING MEDIA
FUNGICIDES AND THEIR EFFECT ON A FEW FUNGI
TEMPERATURE NECESSARY TO KILL SOIL PESTS
FUMIGATION IN GREENHOUSE
REQUIREMENTS FOR GREEN HOUSE PLANT
MICRO-PROPAGATION
MEDIA ROOM
CULTURE VESSELS
CULTURE ROOM
GLASSWARE AND PLASTICWARE WASHING.
STERILIZATION
(I) MEDIUM
(II) GLASSWARE, PLASTIC AND INSTRUMENTS.
(III) PLANT MATERIAL
(IV) TRANSFER AREA
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INFLUENCING GREENHOUSE CULTIVATION.
NATURAL VENTILATION
UNCONVENTIONAL METHOD OF HEATING AND COOLING
HEATING OF GREENHOUSE
HEATING SYSTEMS
BOILER
UNIT HEATERS
INFRA-RED HEATERS
SOLAR HEATING
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL
TEMPERATURE CONTROL
RELATIVE HUMIDITY CONTROL
LIGHT INTENSITY CONTROL
QUALITY OF LIGHT
FAN AND PAD
SELECTION OF FAN
DESIGN
MAINTENANCE OF PAD
MAINTENANCE OF FAN
CONSULTANTS FOR GREEN HOUSE
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT & MACHINERIES
BOILERS
LABORATORY EQUIPMENT
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
SEEDS
LABORATORY CHEMICALS
SULPHURIC ACID

APPENDIX – A:

01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)

Additional information

Plant Capacity

8333 Nos/Day

Land & Building

(8000 sq.mt.)

Plant & Machinery

US$ 227142

Rate of Return

18%

Break Even point

66%