WASHING POWDER AND WASHING SOAP

Synthetic detergents occupy a vital place in the present age particularly when the modern society is constantly looking for quick, effective and economic cleaning agents. Synthetic detergents emerged as a regular industry after Second World War only. The development of this industry is closely linked with Petro-chemical industry which forms the basis for its raw materials.

Detergents when dissolved in water, acquire better cleaning properties and hence facilitates easy removal of dirt & dust and grease etc.

Apart from their use in clothes washing, detergents also have applications in the following industries.

1. In industry, in laundry and dry cleaning.
2. In textile processing, grain milling, metal plating and foods canning.
3. In dairy foods and beverages processing and in restaurants.
4. In plant maintenance and industrial house-keeping.

The principal types of synthetic detergents are an ionic, non-ionic and employtics. Sodium dodecyle benzene sulphonate is an example of the ionic type while nylon phenol, nylone oxide obtained from ethylene oxide is the non-ionic type. The amploytic detergents like the alkyl amino propionates behave as cations in acidic solutions and like anions in alkaline solution.

Among the numerous detergent powders are available today in the market e.g. Hipoline, T.Series, Areal, Rin, Ghari, Surf, Sunlight, Nirma, Wheel detergent powder is most popular.

The synthetic detergent industry is one of the largest chemical process industries. The most recent estimates indicate an annual U.S production of synthetic detergents of about 3 million tones with an approximate annual value of 2 billion. The industry differs from many other chemical process industries, however, in that the bulk of its production is sold directly to individuals for house hold consumption primarily as branded products, rather than to industrial or institutional users.

The detergents are highly popular replacing the soap because of their favourable characteristics. Almost all the detergent, despite their difference in origin and methods of manufacture, have two points in common. One part the long hydrocarbon chain that is oil soluble (linophilic) and the other portion, a water soluble (hydrophilic) group. The latter property may render the whole molecule as soluble in water as to impart some or all of the characteristics mentioned.

The oil soluble portion may be derived from a natural fat or from petroleuum, or aromatic hydrocarbon, such as benzene etc. with an alkyl side chain. The water soluble portion may be derived from material acids, alklylene oxides, polyhydric alcohols and polyamides.

The detergents are further divided into several classes e.g.

a. Anionic
b. Cationic
c. Non-ionic
d. Amphoteric.

Each type acts differently in aqueous solutions.

When detergent is mentioned, the cake, bar or powder usually comes to mind. For small manufacturers, the best advice on making liquid detergents is to purchase from primary producers an intermediate dodecyl benzene sulphonic acid (DDBSA) better known as acid slurry. They themselves, can neutrilize the doecyl compound in a variety of ways. They may use ammonia amines, soda or potash to yield liquid detergents.

Generally, there are two types of liquid detergents.

1. Light duty liquid detergent.

2. Heavy duty liquid detergent.

Light duty detergents are in general use, although heavy duty liquid detergents are also being made but this has not captured the market to any serious extent. Liquids detergents, which actually proceeded powders, are used mainly for fine wash and dish washing. It can undoubtly be said that liquid detergents are an important part of today cleanser markets of developed countries. In India, liquid detergents are under development stage, except that is used in large quantities in textile mills for wet processing for textile goods. In certain parts of the world, pastes which are purely sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate in a fairly concentrative from are used for dish washing. Previously, powder detergents well widely used but the trend is not towards liquid detergents.

Hand washing Detergent powder occupy a vital place in the present age particularly when the modern society is constantly looking for quick effective and economic cleaning agent.

Synthetic detergent emerged as a regular industry and is closely linked with petrochemicals industry which provides the basis for its raw materials.

Among the numerous detergent powder are available in the markets are Ariel, Surf Excel, Nirma, Wheel Ghari are the popular Brand available in the market.