WOODEN PALLETS, CHEMICAL TREATMENT AND WOOD SEASONING PLANT

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(A) WOODEN PALLETS

Wooden pallets find their application for filling bottom of barrel above which some material is packed. They act as safety measures for transit of goods from one place to another.

A pallet (sometimes called a skid) is a flat transport structure designed to support a variety of goods in a stable fashion while being lifted by any mobile forklift, pallet jack or other jacking device. The goods are placed on top of the pallet and can be secured to it by straps or stretch wrapped plastic film. Majority of pallets are made of wood. The gradual advent of containers for the transport of nearly all goods has spurred the use of pallets because the containers always offer the clean, level surfaces needed to make pallet movement economical.

For the manufacture of wooden Pallets, wood log viz; Babool, Neem etc. is subjected to saw cutting, rendering into Phali (L=4′ or 4 1/2′, W=4′ or 4 1/2′ t= 1″) and then cutting (on small cutting machine) to convert rond piece of log into square wooden piece (4’x4’x1″) and subsequently subjecting to chemical treatment with copper sulphate and sodium Dichromate, followed by wood seasoning in a seasoning kiln.

Skids and pallets were slowly introduced throughout the early 20th century; wooden boxes, crates, parrels and kegs were much more commonly used to utilize, protect, store and transport goods. Wood pallet construction specifications can depend on the pallet’s intended use, general, FDA, storage, chemical export, the expected load weight, type of wood desired, recycled, hard, soft, kiln Dried or combo (New & recycle) and even the type of fasteners desired to hold the pallet together, staples or nails.

(B) WOODEN DRUMS

Wooden Drums are available in various sizes with height varying from 28″ to 96″. Weight of 28″ Ht Drum being 25 kg and that of 96″ HT being 300 kgs etc.

Cable industry extensively utilizes the use of drums as cables are packed in cable drums.

Wooden drums are made from round wooden logs, subjected to saw machine, formation of phali, nailing, assembling by fixing tie rods, chemical treatments, wood seasoning etc.

AA/ACSR Conductors are exclusively used in electrification purposes. Usually these are made long in length and suitable length can be cut out of it. So handling cables as such is not convenient and it is import and to use some means to store these conductors in a convenient and compact manner, wooden drums are used for this purpose.

These wooden drums are spool shaped structure which is used to carry specified length of AA/ACSR conductor from factory floor to site of conductor laying. The conductors are wounded over this drum. Wooden drums are available in various sizes but for general purposes dia of drum is taken 100-120 cm. with flanges on both sides. The demand of these drums is directly linked with the supply demand balance of electricity. The demand of electricity is expected to reach about 282 billion KWH. Due to growth of extensive and intensive electrification programme, the demand of AA/ACSR conductors is over increasing and subsequently the demand of these drums are bound to increase considerably.

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Description

INTRODUCTION
(A) WOODEN PALLETS
(B) WOODEN DRUMS
OBJECT OF SEASONING
METHODS OF STACKING
THE ONE AND NINE METHODS OF STACKING SLEEPERS
CLOSE CRIB METHOD
CLOSE CRIB METHOD
FENCE POST STACKING
SEASONING METHOD
(I) AIR SEASONING OR NATURAL SEASONING.
(II) KILN SEASONING OR ARTIFICIAL SEASONING.
SEASONING OF WOOD & EFFECT OF SEASONING ON WOOD PROPERTIES
SEASONING OF WOOD
EFFECT OF SEASONING ON WOOD PROPERTIES
SHRINKING AND SWELLING
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE
RESISTANCE TO DECAY
FACTORS COMPLICATING SEASONING
INITIAL MOISTURE CONTENT
USES & APPLICATIONS
(A) WOODEN PALLETS
(B) WOODEN DRUMS
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR TIMBER SEASONING
SEASONING OF TIMBER-CODE OF PRACTICE
1. SCOPE
2. REFERENCES
3. TERMINOLOGY
4. CLASSIFICATION OF TIMBERS FOR SEASONING PZJRPOSES
5. DEFECTS FOR SEASONING PURPOSES
6. PRELIMINARY TREATMENT AND STORAGE
FIG. 1 ONE-AND-NINE STACKING
FIG. 2 CLOSE CRIB STACKING
FIG. 3 OPEN CRIB STACKING
FIG. 4 STACK OF POL
FIG. 5 STACK OF FENCE POSTS
7. MOISTURE CONTENT OF SEASONED TIMBER FOR DIFFERENT USES
MARKET OVERVIEW
WOOD PALLET MARKET BY PRODUCT TYPE
WOOD PALLET MARKET BY END USER
WOOD PALLET MARKET BY GEOGRAPHY
KEY PLAYERS IN WOOD PALLET MARKET
RAW MATERIALS
PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE OF WOODEN PALLETS
WOOD SEASONING DETAILS
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR WOODEN PALLETS
PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE OF WOODEN DRUMS
WAYS OF SEASONING WOODS
WOOD SEASONING
AIR DRYING
SOLAR DRYING
MICROWAVE SEASONING
CHEMICAL SEASONING
SEASONING AND MOISTURE CONTENT OF WOOD
MOISTURE CONTENT OF WOOD
DETAILS OF SEASONING CHAMBER OR KILN
STANDARD DRYING SCHEDULE FOR COMPARTMENT KILN:-
FOR OAK TIMBER 16 – 30 MM THICK AT INCREASED TEMPERATURE:-
DRYING SCHEDULE FOR SOFTWOOD AT INCREASED TEMPERATURE:-
DRYING SCHEDULE FOR HARD WOODS:-
GENERAL MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF WOODEN DRUMS
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF WOODEN DRUMS
WOOD PRESERVATION AND CHEMICALS
CHROMATED ARSENICALS
CREOSOTE
PENTACHLOROPHENOL
ALTERNATIVE WOOD PRESERVATIVES
PROPICONAZOLE
TRIADIMEFON
ACID COPPER CHROMATE (ACC)
ISOTHIAZOLINONES
NEWER WOOD PRESERVATIVES FOR RESIDENTIAL USES
ACQ
BORATES
COPPER AZOLE
PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT
MAJOR PROVISIONS IN ROAD PLANNING FOR MULTIPURPOSE SERVICE ARE:
PLANT LOCATION FACTORS
1. RAW-MATERIAL SUPPLY:
2. MARKETS:
3. POWER AND FUEL SUPPLY:
4. WATER SUPPLY:
5. CLIMATE:
6. TRANSPORTATION:
7. WASTE DISPOSAL:
8. LABOR:
9. REGULATORY LAWS:
10. TAXES:
11. SITE CHARACTERISTICS:
12. COMMUNITY FACTORS:
13. VULNERABILITY TO WARTIME ATTACK:
14. FLOOD AND FIRE CONTROL:
EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT REPORT
1. DEPRECIATION:
2. FIXED ASSETS:
3. WORKING CAPITAL:
4. BREAK-EVEN POINT:
5. OTHER FIXED EXPENSES:
6. MARGIN MONEY:
7. TOTAL LOAD:
8. LAND AREA/MAN POWER RATIO:
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULES
INTRODUCTION
PROJECT HANDLING
PROJECT SCHEDULING
PROJECT CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE
TIME SCHEDULE
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
SUPPLIERS OF SAW MACHINE (CIRCULAR/BAND)
SUPPLIERS OF WOOD SEASONING PLANT (KILN)
SUPPLIERS OF BOILERS
ADDRESSES OF RAW MATERIALS SUPPLIERS
WOODEN LOG (BABOOL/NEEM)
SUPPLIERS OF COPPER SULPHATE
SUPPLIERS OF SODIUM DICHROMATE
SUPPLIERS OF NAILS

APPENDIX – A:

01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)

Additional information

Plant Capacity

400 Cubic ft./Day
Land & Building

(18,600 sq.ft.)
Plant & Machinery

US$.21428
Rate of Return

56%
Break Even Point

42%

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