In India dairying has been practiced as a rural cottage industry since the remote past. Semi commercial dairying started with the establishment of military dairy farms and cooperative milk unions throughout the country towards the end of the Nineteenth century. However market milk technology may be considered to have commenced in 1950, with the functioning of the Central Dairy of Aarey milk colony, and milk product technology in 1956 with the establishment of AMUL Dairy, Anand.

The importance of milk in human diet especially for children and expectant and nursing matters is vital. To meet the demand of the increasing population milk production in India has to be increased upto about 64 million tones. It is neither possible nor desirable to increase the cattle and buffalo population to achieve this target. This can only be achieved by stepping up milk production of our bovine population by cross breeding of cows and use of improved cows and buffaloes.

Unlike rich countries like the U.K. and the U.S. dairying in India is a subsidiary occupation of almost all the farmers. More than 60 percent of the families involved in dairying belong to the small or marginal farmers or even agricultural laborers. Thus the dairy cattle or buffalo rearing has vast scope for improving economic and in turn, the nutritional status of such people mainly coming from rural area. This will also help in achieving the balance between economic development of urban and rural population.

The development and maintenance of a superior dairy herd can be a source of considerable pride and satisfaction. Success in dairy farming, like any professional achievement, does not come easily. It requires the very best of anyone’s ability to properly manage, feed, and breed a good herd of cows. The job discussions which follow present important factors involved in making a start in dairying.

1. Making certain that you like Dairy farming.
2. Developing patience and an even Temperament,
3. Practicing Regularity.
4. Keeping up with New Development in Dairying.
5. Growing into Dairying.
6. Contribution your part to the industry.

Consider carefully the various aspects of your chosen occupation. The successful management of a dairy farm requires the development of many skills as well as an unlimited will to succeed. Learn everything you can about dairying before hand. One of the best ways is to learn as much as possible from your father if he is or has been a dairyman.

In the seventies fishermen started concentrating on catching prawns more commonly known as `shrimps' due to high profitable return on the same on account of their export value. Brackish water prawn farming started in a big way during 91-94 especially in the coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. Many small units continued to do farming and adopting extensive prawn farming systems. The shrimp farming has now been regulated with the establishment of Aquaculture Authority of India as per directions of Supreme Court for issuing licenses and overall supervision. It is commonly said that after Green and White Revolution in India, it is time for Blue Revolution to exploit the huge potential in fisheries sector. Shrimps are called the "Pinkish Gold" of the sea because of its universal appeal, unique taste, high unit value and increasing demand in the world market.

The post INTEGRATED UNIT OF DAIRY FARMING, MILK COLLECTION & PROCESSING, FISH FARMING, POULTRY FARMING & HATCHERY appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

Holstein Friesians (often shortened as Friesians in Europe, and Holsteins in North America) are a breed of cattleknown today as the world's highest-production dairy animals. Originating in Europe, Friesians were bred in what is now the Netherlands and more specifically in the two northern provinces of North Holland and Friesland, and northern Germany, more specifically what is now Schleswig-Holstein Germany. The animals were the regional cattle of the Frisians and the Saxons. The Dutch breeders bred and oversaw the development of the breed with the goal of obtaining animals that could best use grass, the area's most abundant resource. Over the centuries, the result was a high-producing, black-and-white dairy cow. It is black and white due to artificial selection by the breeders.

With the growth of the New World markets began to develop for milk in North America and South America, and dairy breeders turned to the Netherlands for their livestock. After about 8,800 Friesians (black pied Germans) had been imported, disease problems in Europe led to the cessation of exports to markets abroad.

The post DAIRY FARMING appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

Over the centuries, the result was a high-producing, black-and-white dairy cow. It is black and white due to artificial selection by the breeders.

With the growth of the New World markets began to develop for milk in North America and South America, and dairy breeders turned to the Netherlands for their livestock. After about 8,800 Friesians (black pied Germans) had been imported, disease problems in Europe led to the cessation of exports to markets abroad.

In Europe, the breed is used for milk in the north, and meat in the south. Since 1945, European national development has led to cattle breeding and dairy products becoming increasingly regionalized. More than 80% of dairy production is north of a line joining Bordeaux and Venice, which also has more than 60% of the total cattle. This change led to the need for specialized animals for dairy production. Until this time, milk had been produced from dual-purpose animals. The breeds, national derivatives of the Dutch Friesian, had become very different animals from those developed by breeders in the United States, who used Holsteins only for
dairy production.

Breeders imported specialized dairy Holsteins from the United States to cross with the European black and whites. For this reason, in modern usage, "Holstein" is used to describe North or South American stock and its use in Europe, particularly in the North. "Friesian" denotes animals of traditional European ancestry, bred for both dairy use. Crosses between the two are described by the term "Holstein-Friesian"

INTRODUCTION
DIMENSIONAL SPECIFICATION OF COLD ROLLED CLOSE ANNEALED SHEETS
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL SPECIFICATION OF COLD ROLLED STEEL SHEET
DIMENSION TOLERANCE:
THICKNESS
WIDTH:
LENGTH: (UNIT:MM)
ADVANTAGES:
PPGI STEEL SHEET
PPGI ADVANTAGES
USES AND APPLICATION
APPLICATIONS
B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
MARKET POSITION
INDIA’S STEEL INDUSTRY
FLAT PRODUCTS OVERVIEW
INDIA'S FINISH FLAT PRODUCT MIX
STUDY ONGP/GC MARKET
WHAT IS PPGI?
INDIA'S GP/GC IMPORT-EXPORT ANALYSIS
INDIA’S GP/GC EXPORT ANALYSIS
CONSUMPTION ANALYSIS OF GP/GC
SECTOR-WISE APPARENT CONSUMPTION ANALYSIS OF GP/GC
EXPORT DATA OF PRIME COLD ROLLED STEEL SHEET
IMPORT DATA OF COLD ROLLED STEEL SHEETS
EXPORT DATA OF PPGI STEEL COILS
IMPORT DATA OF PPGI STEEL COILS
PRESENT MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS
PROCESS FLOW CHART
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
PROCESS OVERVIEW
COLD ROLLING MILLS (CR STRIP MILLS)
CONTINIOUS PICKLING LINE
ANNEALING
TEMPERING ALSO IMPROVES STRIP FLATNESS
COATING PROCESS
TESTS CONDUCTED FOR QUALITY CHECK OF THE COATED STEEL
APPLICATIONS
ADVANTAGES
PLANT AND MACHINERY FOR COLD ROLLING MILL
SCALE AND ITS ORIGIN
SCALE REMOVAL
PICKLING LINE
TYPES OF PICKLING LINES
TYPES OF ROLLING MILL STANDS
TYPES OF ROLLING MILL
TEMPER ROLLING OR SKIN PASS ROLLING OF ANNEALED STRIP
ROLLING OF HOT STRIP AND STRIP DEFECTS
PROCESS OF GALVANIZING
GI SHEETS SPECIFICATION
APPLICATION OF GI SHEETS
ADVANTAGES WITH USE OF GI SHEETS
COATING PROCESS
TESTS CONDUCTED FOR QUALITY CHECK OF THE COATED STEEL
APPLICATIONS
ADVANTAGES
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DEVICES
DUST CATCHERS
CYCLONES
FABRIC FILTERS (BAG HOUSES)
ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORS
SCRUBBERS
PLANT LAYOUT
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERIES
UN COILERS AND COILERS
SUPPLIERS OF STRIP SLITTING AND CUTTING TO LENGTH TO LENGTH LINE
SUPPLIERS OF PICKLING LINE
SUPPLIERS OF BELL ANNEALING FURNACE
SUPPLIERS OF COLD ROLLING MILL
SUPPLIERS OF TESTING EQUIPMENT
SUPPLIERS OF COLD ROLLING MILL
SUPPLIERS OF TESTING EQUIPMENT
SUPPLIERS OF EOT CRANES
SUPPLIERS OF D.G. SETS
SUPPLIERS OF POWER TRANSFORMERS
SUPPLIERS OF COOLING TOWER
SUPPLIERS OF ETP PLANTS
SUPPLIERS OF AIR POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENTS
AIR CONDITIONING EQUIPMENTS
AIR COMPRESSORS
WEIGHING MACHINE (PLATFORM TYPE)
MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENTS
NDT INSPECTION EQUIPMENT
FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENTS
ELECTRICAL MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
SUPPLIERS OF COLOUR COATING LINE
SUPPLIERS OF GALVANISING LINE
SUPPLIERS OF SUBMERSIBLE WATER PUMP
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
HR M.S STEEL SHEET
MINERAL OIL
PICKLING CHEMICALS
HYDROCLORIC ACID
OIL AND GREASE
ZINC INGOT
COLOURS FOR COATING
PACKING MATERIALS

APPENDIX – A:

1.      COST OF PLANT ECONOMICS
2.      LAND & BUILDING
3.      PLANT AND MACHINERY
4.      FIXED CAPITAL INVESTMENT
5.      RAW MATERIAL
6.      SALARY AND WAGES
7.      UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
8.      TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
9.      COST OF PRODUCTION
10.      PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS
11.      BREAK EVEN POINT
12.      RESOURCES OF FINANCE
13.      INTEREST CHART
14.      DEPRECIATION CHART
15.      CASH FLOW STATEMENT
16.      PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET

The post DAIRY FARMING {HOLSTEIN FRIESIAN COW (HF COW)} appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

Yet we need to reach at least 5 times the present production 1350,000 MT (Ref. India Livestock Census; Basic A. H. Statistics 2006 Govt. of India) To boost up milk production in Odisha 5 breeds of Bos Taurus were introduced in sixties but farmers did not like to propagate exotic blood and the rapid disillusionment was seen in the dwindling Jersey & Holstein cross numbers after 1995 (Refer Livestock in Orissa: The Socio- Economic Perspective by M.P.G Kurup; page 46 ). Till date, in spite of vigorous, constant & unreasonable effort by the Govt. to promote Jersey & Holstein as donor breeds, the exercise has not sustained.

5 reasons for promoting Gir as donor breed in Odisha:

1.    Milk yield at par with Jersey. Bullocks are good workers.
2.    Disease resistant & lesser breeding failures.
3.    Heat, Humidity & Drought tolerant.
4.    Indian, Intelligent yet docile.
5.    Ghee & Urine can be sold at high price.

The importance of milk in human diet especially for children and expectant and nursing matters is vital. To meet the demand of the increasing population milk production in India has to be increased upto about 64 million tones. It is neither possible nor desirable to increase the cattle and buffalo population to achieve this target. This can only be achieved by stepping up milk production of our bovine population by cross breeding of cows and use of improved cows and buffaloes.

Unlike rich countries like the U.K. and the U.S. dairying in India is a subsidiary occupation of almost all the farmers. More than 60 percent of the families involved in dairying belong  to the small or marginal farmers or even agricultural laborers. Thus the dairy cattle or buffalo rearing has vast scope for improving economic and in turn, the nutrational status of  such people mainly  coming from rural area.  This will also help in achieving  the balance between economic development of urban  and rural population.

The development and maintenance of a superior dairy herd can be a source of considerable pride and satisfaction. Success in dairy farming, like any professional achievement, does not come easily. It requires the very best of of anyone’s ability to properly manage, feed, and breed a good herd of cows.  The job discussions which follow present important factors involved in making a start in dairying.

INTRODUCTION
5 REASONS FOR PROMOTING GIR AS DONOR BREED IN ODISHA:
TOGGENBURG:-
ALPINE:-
SAANEN:-
ANGLO-NUBIAN:-
ANGORA:-
ROCKY MOUNTAIN GOAT:-
ORIGIN AND DISTRIBUTION
INDIAN STANDARDS
STANDARDS OF DIFFERENT MILKS IN INDIA
ADVANTAGES OF COMMERCIAL DAIRY COW FARMING
COMPOSITION OF MILK
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MILK OF DIFFERENT SPECIES
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MILK OF INDIAN BREEDS
THE DETAILED COMPOSITION OF MILK IS GIVEN IN TABLE
SOME PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MILK
BACTERIOLOGICAL STANDARDS OF RAW MILK
CATTLE FEED:-
SOME MORE FORMULATIONS ARE AS FOLLOWS: -G
MARKET SURVEY
INDIAN DAIRY INDUSTRY
REFLECTING IN ENHANCED PROTEIN CONSUMPTION IN FORM OF DAIRY PRODUCTS IN INDIA.
LOOKING BEYOND THE HORIZON
LOOKING BEYOND THE HORIZON OPPORTUNITIES
OVERVIEW OF FISHERIES IN ODISHA
ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
RATIONALE
VISION 2020 & MISSION
STATISTICAL PROFILE OF AGRICULTURE LIVESTOCK, DAIRYING AND
ALLIED IN ODISHA
TABLE: NET STATE DOMESTIC PRODUCT (NSDP) AND PER CAPITA INCOME
TABLE: VALUE OF OUTPUT: AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCK
TABLE: APPROVED PROJECT COST FOR DAIRYING UNDER RASHTRIYA
KRISHI VIKAS YOJANA (RKVY) IN ODISHA
TABLE: APPROVED PROJECT COST FOR ANIMAL HUSBANDRY UNDER RASHTRIYA KRISHI VIKAS YOJANA (RKVY) IN ODISHA
MILK PRODUCTION IN ODISHA
PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE
TABLE: YEAR-WISE IN-MILK BOVINE POPULATION, MILK YIELD AND MILK PRODUCTION
PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE: ANIMAL POPULATION
TABLE: YEAR AND DISTRICT-WISE IN-MILK BOINE POPULATION
PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE: MILK PRODUCTION
TABLE: YEAR AND DISTRICT-WISE TOTAL MILK PRODUCTION DENSITY
SUPPLIERS OF CATTLES/DAIRY FARMERS
METHOD OF DAIRY COW FARMING
DAIRY COW BREEDS
HOUSING
FEEDING
CARE & MANAGEMENT
MILKING
COOLING & STORING MILK
FILTRATION
HOMOGENIZATION
CLARIFICATION
PASTEURIZATION
REFRIGERATION OR FREEZING SYSTEM
TESTING
PACKING
PROCESS FLOW SHEET DIAGRAM FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF HOMOGENIZED & PASTEURIZED MILK
DETAILS AND CONSIDERATIONS SIROHI GOAT
SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
SIROHI GOAT | BREED PROFILE
INDIAN BREEDS OF GOATS
GOAT BREEDS IN INDIA:-
BREEDING OF GOAT
SCOPE FOR GOAT REARING
AND IT’S NATIONAL IMPORTANCE
FEEDS FOR GOATS
SIROHI GOAT FARMING FOR MEAT PRODUCTION    85
GOAT FARM MANAGEMENT
HOUSING (GOATS SHEDS):-
DETECTION OF HEAT AND BREEDING:
KID MANAGEMENT:-
HEALTH:-
TESTING:-
FEEDING:-
THE DAILY NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR AN ADULT GOAT IS SUMMARIZED BELOW:-
WHILE COMPUTING RATION SCHEDULE FOLLOWING FACTORS WERE CONSIDERED.
FEED SCHEDULE FOR GOATS
GROWING STOCK:-
FEEDING TO GOATS
CROPPING PATTERN
COMPOUNDING CHEAP CONCENTRATE MIXTURE:
CARE TO NEWLY BORN KIDS
FOLLOW FEEDING SCHEDULE AS GIVEN BELOW:-
EASILY DIGESTIBLE FEED & MILK REPLACER TO KIDS
CHEAP & LOOSE HOUSING FOR GOATS
MAINTAINING PROPER & SIMPLE RECORDS
DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENTS
VACCINATION AGAINST DISEASES
CONTROL OF ECTOPARASITES
PROTECTION FROM COLD DOUGHT
FIRST-AID INSTRUMENTS AND MEDICINES FOR SMALL GOAT FARM
MERITS OF THE GOBAR GAS (BIO GAS)
THE MERITS OF THE BIO GAS ARE DESCRIBED BELOW:-
TECHNICAL ASPECT:-
(INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF GOBAR GAS PLANT)
PRODUCTION
LANDFILL GAS
TECHNICAL
MODELS OF BIO GAS PLANT
DRUMLESS BIOGAS PLANT
WORKING ON JANATA BIOGAS PLANT:-
DESIGN DETAILS:-
HEIGHT OF THE LOWER PART OF THE DIGESTER:-
CONSTRUCTION OF A JANATA BIOGAS PLANT:-
THE THICKNESS OF THE ARCH IS 115 MM.
COMPOSITION OF BIO GAS
PROBLEM WITH BIO GAS
PROCESS OF BIO GAS PRODUCTION
ROHU FISH AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS
CHARACTERISTICS OF CATLA FISH
HABITAL AND BIOLOGY OF MRIGAL
HEALTH BENEFITS OF POMEGRANATE
VARIETIES AND NAMES OF POMEGRANATE
HEALTH BENEFITS OF CAPSICUM
THE FOLLOWING ARE SOME OF THE HEALTH BENEFITS OF CAPSICUM.
METHOD OF ROHU FISH FARMING
METHOD OF CATLE FISH BREEDING & FARMING
METHOD OF MRIGAL FISH FARMING
FINGERLING PRODUCTION
ONGROWING TECHNIQUES
HARVESTING TECHNIQUES
HANDLING AND PROCESSING
FISH POND DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
FISH POND DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
LAND AREA
WATER SUPPLY
SOIL
POND DESIGN AND LAYOUT
SPECIFIC DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
QUANTITY OF WATER NEEDED
STEPS TO POND CONSTRUCTION
BUILDING YOUR POND
MANAGEMENT GUIDE OF DUCKS FARMING
BREEDS
INCUBATION
BROODING (0-4 WEEKS)
REARING (15-16 WEEKS)
ADULT STOCK (ABOVE 17 WEEKS OF AGE)
WATER
FEEDING
SUGGESTED NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS FOR EGG & MEAT TYPE DUCK
FEED SCALE FOR KHAKI CAMPBELL DUCK
AVERAGE BODY WEIGHT AND FEED CONSUMPTION OF BROILER DUCKS
AT 6 WEEKS OF AGE
POLLOWED AT C.P.D.O.(SR)
CATCHNING AND HANDLING
HEALTH COVER
VACCINATION SCHEDULE
VACCINE CAN BE OBTAINED FROM:-
DO’S AND DON’TS IN VACCINATION
IMPORTANT DISEASES OF DUCKS
SOME OF THE COMMON DISEASES ARE:-
DUCK VIRAL HEPATITIS
DUCK CHOLERA
BOTULISM
PARASITES
AFLATOXICOSIS
PERFORMANCE CHART OF KHAKHI CAMPBELL (EGG TYPE)
PERFORMANCE CHART OF VIGOVA SUPER-M (MEAT TYPE)
DETAILS OF COUNTRY/DESI CHICKEN REARING
MANAGEMENT AND HEALTH COVER:
FARMING FEED:
BROODING IN COUNTRY CHICKEN FARMING:
PREPARATION OF POULTRY SHED/HOUSE:
ONE DAY BEFORE ARRIVAL OF CHICKS:
ON ARRIVAL OF CHICKS:
FLOOR SPACE:
RELATIVE HUMIDITY:
VENTILATION:
FEEDERS/DRINKERS:
BEAK TRIMMING:
GROWER MANAGEMENT:
HOUSING:
WATER RESTRICTIONS:
DETAILS & METHOD OF POMEGRANATE FARMING
INTERCULTURAL OPERATIONS IN POMEGRANATE CULTIVATION:
SOIL, CLIMATE AND VARIETY OF BANANA
SOIL FOR BANANA CULTIVATION:
CLIMATE FOR BANANA:
VARIETIES OF BANANA
METHOD OF BANANA CULTIVATION
AGRO CLIMATE & SOIL
SOIL
PLANTING MATERIAL
PLANTING TIME
NUTRIENTS REQUIRED BY BANANAS
CROP GEOMETRY
PLANTING METHOD
FERTILIZING
MULCH
WEEDING
WATER MANAGEMENT – FERTIGATION
INTERCROP
SPECIAL OPERATIONS
PEST AND DISEASE MANAGEMENT
HARVESTING
STORAGE
POST HARVEST HANDLING
VARIETIES OF CAPSICUM
CULTIVATION PROPAGATION
AND OF PEST MANAGEMENT OF CAPSICUM
PLANTING IN CAPSICUM CULTIVATION:
CULTIVATION OF ONION
CLIMATE:
SOIL AND ITS PREPARATION:
SEED RATE & TIME OF SOWING:
LAYOUT & SPACING:
MANURES & FERTILIZERS:
INTERCULTURAL, WEEDING AND OTHER OPERATIONS:
IRRIGATION:
HARVESTING, CURING, YIELD AND STORAGE:
BIO GAS PLANT
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
CATTLE FEED
STOCKISTS & DISTRIBUTION OF VETERINARY MEDICINES
SUPPLIERS OF COWS (GIR AND SAHIWAL)
SUPPLIERS OF FINGERLINGS
SUPPLIERS OF DUCKLING

APPENDIX – A:

1.      COST OF PLANT ECONOMICS
2.      LAND & BUILDING
3.      PLANT AND MACHINERY
4.      FIXED CAPITAL INVESTMENT
5.      RAW MATERIAL
6.      SALARY AND WAGES
7.      UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
8.      TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
9.      COST OF PRODUCTION
10.      PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS
11.      BREAK EVEN POINT
12.      RESOURCES OF FINANCE
13.      INTEREST CHART
14.      DEPRECIATION CHART
15.      CASH FLOW STATEMENT
16.      PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET

The post LIVE STOCK AND FARMING (INTEGRATED UNIT) (Cow (Gir & Sahiwal) Dairy farm, Biogas production, Goat farming, Fish & Duck Farming, Desi chicken Rearing, Resort, Function hall with Mini water park, Pomegranate farming, Banana farming & Vegetable farming) appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

Jersey Cows

The Jersey breed originated on the Island of Jersey, a small British island in the English Channel off the coast of France. The Jersey is one of the oldest dairy breeds, having been reported by authorities as being purebred for nearly six centuries.

The breed was known in England as early as 1771 and was regarded very favorably because of its milk and butterfat production. At that early date, the cattle of Jersey Island were commonly referred to as Alderney cattle although the cattle of this island were later referred to only as Jerseys. Jersey cattle were brought to the United States in the 1850's.

Milk Production

Jersey and Jersey cross cows with milk yield capacity of 3000 to 5000 liters per lactation. (15 to 25 liters per day).

Buffalo

More than Five percent of the world's milk comes from Buffalloes. Buffalloes milk is used in much the same way as cow's milk. It is high in fats and total solid, which gives it a rich flavour. Many people prefer it to cow's milk and are willing to pay more for it. In India, where in Mumbai area alone an estimated 10,000 new born calves starved to death each year through lack of milk. The demand for Buffallo milk in India (About 60% of the milk consumed over 80% in some states) is reflected in the prices paid for a litre of milk; about 130 paisa for cow's milk compared with about 200 paisa for buffallo milk Twelve of the Eighteen major breeds of buffallo are kept primarily for milk production (although male may be used for traction & all animals are eventually used for meat.) The main milk breeds of India & Pakistan are the murrah, Nile/Ravi,Surti, Mehsana, Nagpure, & Jafarabad.

The domesticated water buffallo is one of the gentlist of all farm animals. Despite an intimidating appearance it is more like a house hold pat-sociable, gentle, and serve. In rural Asia the care of buffalloes is after turned over to small boys & girls aged about 4 to 9.

Another belief is that the buffallo is exclusively a tropical animal. River type buffalloes, However, have been used to pull snow plows during Bulgarian winter.

Buffallo milk has a higher content of both butter fat and non fat-solids than cows milk does. Throughout much India it is in such demand that Cow's milk is sometimes hard to sell.

Dairy Farming in India

It is seen at most places that a Dairy Farmer is not aware of the economics of his day to day business. This is because Dairy has been a traditional form of business, which is being carried on by generations together. The pattern particularly of the feeding & watering has been quite the same for a long time.

It is commonly seen that most of the Farmers who keep animals for Milk have very little or NO idea about the expenses (per day) involved in raising the animals. It is interesting to note that the farmer is even unaware of the fact that the feeding cost of his animal comprises of more than 80% of the total cost of raising the animals.

Perhaps the main reason for this may be as he grows the majority of the fodder in his own land he has never bothered about its cost.
Pertaining to the feeding & drinking habits many fallacies (misconceptions) exist viz.
1. It is advisable to feed animal with wet/cooked feed.
Scientifically the feed fed to animal should be chewed (& ruminated) so that the saliva mixes with the feed. The saliva contains phosphates & bicarbonates, which help in maintaining the pH of the Rumen, which help in proper digestion of the Feed. Good digestion ensures wellbeing & the production is dependent on the same.
If the feed fed to animal is wet or cooked then chewing does not take place resulting in imbalance of the Ruminal pH which is very vital for proper digestion.
This will ultimately affect the Milk production (which will be low in this case).
2. Water requirement can be fulfilled with 2/3 times in a day.
To produce one litre of Milk it is essential to drink minimum 5 litres of water thus animal giving about 10 litres of milk daily should drink more than 50 litres of water. This requirement is only for Milk but animal also has to maintain itself as well as reproduce thus an animal giving 10 litres of milk has to consume at least 75 litres of water daily; which is just not possible by offering animal water only about 2/3 times during the day.

The animal should be giving clean water as many times as possible. If this is done then automatically increase in milk production is seen.

It should be noted that milk contains about 83 - 87% of water.

3. Animal should be fed continuously throughout the day.

If the animal is fed round the clock then it will not get any time to ruminate. If there is no time to ruminate then the digestion will not be proper as the feed mixing with saliva (due to rumination) will not take place. Thus the milk production will be decreased due to impaired digestion.

INTRODUCTION
INDIAN STANDARDS
B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
COMPOSITION OF MILK
PROPERTIES OF MILK
CATTLE FEED
CATTLE DESEASE AND TREATMENT
1. ACETONAEMIA:
MARKET SURVEY
PROCESSED DAIRY PRODUCTS
PRODUCTION OF MILK
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
LOOKING BEYOND THE HORIZON OPPORTUNITIES
SUPPLIERS OF CATTLES
CATTLE FEED MANUFACTURERS AND SUPPLIERS
USE OF MILK
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
MANUFACTURE, PACKAGING AND STORAGE OF PASTEURIZED
MILK PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
ENHANCED MILK PRODUCTION IN DAIRY CATTLE
METHOD FOR INCREASING MILK PRODUCTION IN LACTATING DAIRY CATTLE
DAIRY FARM CONSULTANTS
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT & MACHINERIES

APPENDIX – A :

1. COST OF PLANT ECONOMICS
2. LAND & BUILDING
3. PLANT AND MACHINERY
4. FIXED CAPITAL INVESTMENT
5. RAW MATERIAL
6. SALARY AND WAGES
7. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
8. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
9. COST OF PRODUCTION
10. PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS
11. BREAK EVEN POINT
12. RESOURCES OF FINANCE
13. INTEREST CHART
14. DEPRECIATION CHART
15. CASH FLOW STATEMENT
16. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET

The post DAIRY FARM (COW & BUFFALOE) appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

These plants and factors were rapidly  expanded  and modernized with improved machinery and equipment to secure the various  advantages of large scale production. This heralded the advent of dairy technology in these countries.

In  India  dairying has been practiced as  a  rural  cottage industry since the remote past.  Semi commercial dairying started with  the establishment of military dairy farms  and  cooperative milk  unions  through  out the country  towards the  end  of  the Nineteenth century.   However  market  milk  technology  may  be considered to have commenced in 1950, with the functioning of the Central Dairy of Aarey milk colony, and milk product  technology in 1956 with the establishment of AMUL Dairy, Anand.

The importance of milk in human diet expecially for children and  expectant and nursing matters is vital. To meet the  demand of  the increasing population milk production in India has to  be increased upto about 64 million tones.  It is neither possible nor desirable to  increase the cattle and buffalo population to achieve this target. This can only be achieved  by stepping up milk production of our bovine population by cross breeding of cows and use of improved cows and buffaloes.

•01.      INTRODUCTION
02.      INDIAN STANDARDS
03.      B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
04.      COMPOSITION OF MILK
05.      SOME PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MILK
06.      PROPERTIES OF MILK
07.      PROPERTIES OF GHEE
08.      PROPERTIES OF BUTTER
09.      MARKET SURVEY
10.      LIST OF DAIRY FARMS
11.      SUPPLIERS OF CATTLES
12.      USE OF MILK
13.      MANUFACTURING PROCESS
14.      MANUFACTURE, PACKAGING AND STORAGE OF PASTEURIZED MILK
15.      MANUFACTURE OF BUTTER
16.      METHOD OF MANUFACTURE, PACKAGING AND STORAGE
17.      GHEE MANUFACTURING PROCESS
18.      FLOW DIAGRAM FOR GHEE
19.      PANEER MANUFACTURING PROCESS
20.      DAIRY CONSULTANTS
21.      SUPPLIERS OF MILKING MACHINE
22.COMPLETE PLANT & MACHINERY SUPPLIERS FOR DAIRY PRODUCTS

23.      SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
24.      PLANT LAYOUT FOR DAIRY FARM & DAIRY PRODUCTS
25.      PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT
26.      PLANT LOCATION FACTORS
27.      EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT REPORT

APPENDIX –A

01.    PLANT ECONOMICS
02.    LAND & BUILDING
03.    PLANT AND MACHINERY
04.    OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05.    FIXED CAPITAL
06.    RAW MATERIAL
07.    SALARY AND WAGES
08.    UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09.    TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10.    TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11.    COST OF PRODUCTION
12.    TURN OVER/ANNUM
13.    BREAK EVEN POINT
14.    RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15.    INSTALMENT  PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16.    DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17.    PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18.    PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)

The post DAIRY FARM AND DAIRY PRODUCTS (100 CATTLES) appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

Project Report Covers:

Introduction
Uses and Applications
Properties
Market Survey with future aspects
Present Manufacturers
B.I.S. Specifications
Manufacturing Process with Formulae
Cost Economics with Profitability Analysis
Capacity
Land & Building Requirements with Rates
List & Details of Plant and Machinery with their Costs
Raw Materials
Details/List and Costs
Power & Water Requirements
Labour/Staff Requirements
Utilities and Overheads
Total Capital Investment
Turnover
Cost of Production
Break Even Point
Profitability
Land Man Ratio
Suppliers of Plant & Machineries and Raw Materials.

The post DAIRY FARM appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

It  is seen at most places that a Dairy Farmer is not  aware of  the  economics of his day to day business.  This  is  because Dairy  has  been a traditional form of business, which  is  being carried  on by generations together. The pattern particularly  of the feeding & watering has been quite the same for a long time.

It  is  commonly  seen that most of  the  Farmers  who  keep animals  for Milk have very little or NO idea about the  expenses (per  day) invloved in raising the animals. It is interesting  to note that the farmer is even unaware of the fact that the feeding cost  of his animal comprises of more than 80% of the total  cost of raising the animals.
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PROJECT REPORT COVERS:

•     Introduction
•     Uses and Applications
•     Properties
•     Market Survey with future aspects
•     Present Manufacturers
•     B.I.S. Specifications
•     Manufacturing Process with Formulae
•    Cost Economics with Profitability Analysis
•     Capacity
•     Land & Building Requirements with Rates
•     List & Details of Plant and Machinery with their Costs
•     Raw Materials
•     Details/List and Costs
•     Power & Water Requirements
•     Labour/Staff Requirements
•     Utilities and Overheads
•     Total Capital Investment
•     Turnover
•     Cost of Production
•     Break Even Point
•     Profitability
•     Land Man Ratio
•     Suppliers of Plant & Machineries and Raw Materials.

The post DAIRY FARM (JERSEY COWS) TO PRODUCE MILK appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

Each ‘EIRI’ MARKET OVERVIEW CUM DETAILED TECHNO ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY REPORT (Complete Report) tentatively covers
•    Introduction
•    Properties
•    BIS (Bureau of Indian Standard) Specifications & Requirements
•    Uses & Applications
•    Present Indian Market Overview/Position
•    Export & Import Statistics Data
•    Names and Addresses of Existing Units (Present Manufactures)
•    List of Plant & Machineries
•    Miscellaneous Items and Accessories
•    Instruments, Laboratory Equipments and Accessories
•    Electrification, Electric Load and Water
•    Maintenance, Suppliers/Manufacturers of Plant and Machineries
•    Dairy Farming method
•    Flow Sheet Diagram
•    List of Raw Materials
•    Availability of Raw Materials
•    Requirement of Staff & Labour
•    Personnel Management
•    Skilled & Unskilled Labour
•    Requirement of Land Area
•    Built up Area
•    Plant Layout
Along with financial details as under:
•    Summary of Capital Cost of Project
•    Land & Side Development Exp.
•    Buildings
•    Plant & Machineries
•    Misc. Fixed Assets
•    Technical Know how Fees & Exp.
•    Preliminary Expenses
•    Pre-operative Expenses
•    Provision for Contingencies
Below mentioned financial statements (Annexure) will be  for 5 to 10 Years
•    Annexure:: Cost of Project and Means of Finance
•    Annexure:: Output, Profitability and Cash Flow Chart
•    Annexure:: Assessment of Working Capital requirements
•    Annexure:: Sources of Finance
•    Annexure:: Balance Sheets
•    Annexure:: Break-Even Analysis and profitability analysis.
•    Annexure:: Quantitative Details-Output/Sales/Stocks
•    Annexure:: Sales Realisation
•    Annexure:: Raw Material Cost
•    Annexure:: Other Raw Material Cost
•    Annexure:: Packing Material Cost
•    Annexure:: Consumables, Store etc.,
•    Annexure:: Employees Expenses
•    Annexure:: Fuel Expenses
•    Annexure:: Power/Electricity Expenses
•    Annexure:: Repairs & Maintenance Exp.
•    Annexure:: Other Mfg. Expenses
•    Annexure:: Administration Expenses
•    Annexure:: Selling Expenses
•    Annexure:: Depreciation Charges - Profitability
•    Annexure:: Depreciation Charges
•    Annexure:: Interest and Repayment - Term Loans
•    Annexure:: Tax on Profit
•    Annexure:: Assumptions for Profitability workings
•    Annexure:: Assessment of Working Capital

The post DAIRY FARMING (BUFFALOES) appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

Each ‘EIRI’ MARKET OVERVIEW CUM DETAILED TECHNO ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY REPORT (Complete Report) tentatively covers
•    Introduction
•    Properties
•    BIS (Bureau of Indian Standard) Specifications & Requirements
•    Uses & Applications
•    Present Indian Market Overview/Position
•    Export & Import Statistics Data
•    Names and Addresses of Existing Units (Present Manufactures)
•    List of Plant & Machineries
•    Miscellaneous Items and Accessories
•    Instruments, Laboratory Equipments and Accessories
•    Electrification, Electric Load and Water
•    Maintenance, Suppliers/Manufacturers of Plant and Machineries
•    Dairy Farming method
•    List of Raw Materials
•    Availability of Raw Materials
•    Requirement of Staff & Labour
•    Personnel Management
•    Skilled & Unskilled Labour
•    Requirement of Land Area
•    Built up Area
•    Plant Layout
Along with financial details as under:
•    Summary of Capital Cost of Project
•    Land & Side Development Exp.
•    Buildings
•    Plant & Machineries
•    Misc. Fixed Assets
•    Technical Know how Fees & Exp.
•    Preliminary Expenses
•    Pre-operative Expenses
•    Provision for Contingencies
Below mentioned financial statements (Annexure) will be  for 5 to 10 Years
•    Annexure:: Cost of Project and Means of Finance
•    Annexure:: Output, Profitability and Cash Flow Chart
•    Annexure:: Assessment of Working Capital requirements
•    Annexure:: Sources of Finance
•    Annexure:: Balance Sheets
•    Annexure:: Break-Even Analysis and profitability analysis.
•    Annexure:: Quantitative Details-Output/Sales/Stocks
•    Annexure:: Sales Realisation
•    Annexure:: Raw Material Cost
•    Annexure:: Other Raw Material Cost
•    Annexure:: Packing Material Cost
•    Annexure:: Consumables, Store etc.,
•    Annexure:: Employees Expenses
•    Annexure:: Fuel Expenses
•    Annexure:: Power/Electricity Expenses
•    Annexure:: Repairs & Maintenance Exp.
•    Annexure:: Other Mfg. Expenses
•    Annexure:: Administration Expenses
•    Annexure:: Selling Expenses
•    Annexure:: Depreciation Charges - Profitability
•    Annexure:: Depreciation Charges
•    Annexure:: Interest and Repayment - Term Loans
•    Annexure:: Tax on Profit
•    Annexure:: Assumptions for Profitability workings
•    Annexure:: Assessment of Working Capital

The post DAIRY FARMING (COWS) appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.