The electric car (EV) is a relatively new concept in the world of the automotive industry. Although some companies have based their entire model of cars around being proactive and using electricity, some also offer hybrid vehicles that work off both electricity and gas. An electric car such as Nissan Leaf, Ford Focus Electric or Tesla Model S, Chevrolet Volt is a great way for you to not only save money, but also help contribute towards a healthy and stable environment.

Cars produce a lot of carbon emissions that are ejected into our natural atmosphere, leaving us vulnerable to things like pollution and greenhouse gases. In order to help positively the environment we live in, an electric car is a great step forward. By buying an electric car, you can also receive government subsidies for being environmentally conscious. Although you may end up paying more for your vehicle, the positives greatly overshadow the negatives. However there are still two sides to consider when you’re thinking about investing in an electric vehicle.

EV’s get their power from rechargeable batteries installed inside the car. These batteries are not only used to power the car but also used for the functioning of lights and wipers. Electric cars have more batteries than normal gasoline car. It’s the same kind of batteries that are commonly used when starting up a gasoline engine. The only difference comes in the fact that in electric vehicles, they have more of them which are used to power.

SPECIFICATION OF CAR

Vehicle Type - Sedan (3 Variants)

Length - 195.9 in (4,980 mm)

Width - 86.2 in (2,189 mm)

Height - 56.5 in (1,440 mm)

Wheelbase - 116.5 in (2,960 mm)

Power train type- Electric motor

Electric motor - Permanent magnet synchronous reluctance motor

Battery type - Lithium-ion (Li-ion)

Battery - 40, 60 and 75 kWh lithium ion

Range - 350, 418 to 455km

Efficiency - 162 Wh/km

Weight - 1,730 kg (3,814 lb)

0-60 - 5.1s to 4.5s

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Conventional motorcycle tyres are generally manufactured from synthetic rubber such as styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and polybutadiene rubber (PBR), which are derived from fossil fuels such as crude oil. The rubber compound is usually reinforced with carbon black and further comprises fatty acid additives (cure aid) and vulcanization aids. Synthetic rubber produced in this manner exhibits high abrasion resistance, good wet grip and low rolling resistance.

Motorcycle tires are critical to rider safety and bike performance. The casual rider probably cares little and thinks even less about how tire companies turn raw materials into high-performance tires. During a recent press introduction at Bridgestone’s Japanese home base, Motorcycle-USA got an eyewitness account of the tire-making process during a tour of the company’s Nasu Plant.

The real beginning of the tire-making process is in the company’s engineering labs where designers use the latest technology to develop new compounds and tread patterns. After rigorous testing at the company’s nearby Bridgestone Proving Grounds, prototypes go into production at the Nasu facility. The 49-year-old plant, located in the Tochigi prefecture, is the sole motorcycle tire production plant for Bridgestone (with the company retaining 190 plants worldwide, 49 of them producing tires).

Nasu gets raw materials in the front door and delivers finished tires out the back, with Bridgestone tire reps claiming 6300 motorcycle tires produced daily. Bridgestone keeps a tight rein on its process.

Today, one cannot imagine a world without automobiles even though India has a large network of railway lines, considering the vastnes of the country and the thrust given for balanced development, road transport would have decisine role to play in the coming years. Vehicle would become more and more part of not only the commercial like but even the personal like.

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Gravure is an intaglio printing process, which means that the image carrier has the image etched below the surface of the non-image area. The gravure image carrier is an engraved cylinder patterned with individual wells that form a continuous image when printed. There are five main aspects of the gravure printing press: an engraved cylinder, doctor blade, ink fountain, impression roller, and drying press [GAA]. Figure 2 shows a schematic of a typical gravure printing process.

In gravure printing, the engraved cylinder is submerged in an ink fountain and then rolled over the substrate. A tightly pressed blade, called the doctor blade, wipes off excess ink from the non-image areas of the cylinder surface before contact with the substrate. The gravure cylinder most commonly consists of a steel core covered by a layer of copper, which is then patterned and covered with a thin layer of chrome to protect against wear from the doctor blade. The average lifetime for copper-chrome cylinders is between two to three million impressions, which is equivalent to a week of nonstop printing. Cylinders can be reused by stripping the chrome and copper layers. Modern engraving systems are capable of transferring digital images directly to the cylinder surface, which has helped to reduce the lead time for engravings to a few hours [GAA].

Gravure has a number of advantages over inkjet. First, gravure has a higher throughput because of its wider print area and its faster printing speed of up to 2000 ft/min. Gravure is also capable of simultaneously depositing multiple drops in a parallel fashion, as opposed to inkjet which must deposit drops one at a time in a serial fashion. Second, gravure can sustain long print runs because the cells are continuously refilled with ink as the roll is rotated into the ink fountain, and the roll is not subject to clogging. Finally, gravure is a very versatile process capable of printing on a broad range of substrates with a wide range of ink viscosities. These advantages also help gravure compete against other high-speed printing processes such as flexography, letterpress, lithography, and screen printing. Gravure is a mechanically simple process with fewer controlling variables than other printing processes, which tends to give it a more consistent image quality.

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Every house, small factory, business establishment, shops, offices etc. need at least one energy meter to register power consumption. The supplier of electrical raises the bill on the basis reading shown by this meter. The producer of electricity sale the electricity to the electricity boards and boards have to sale this energy to the consumer. Consumer needs to pay the amount against the bill raised by the supplier. The data generate by the energy meter is the base to raise the bill by power supplier. Because of massive rural and urban electrification programme of Government, there is a good demand for this product. This product is available in single phase and three phases at different current rating as per customer's requirement. Though, newly developed electronic energy meter is also available in the market but in view of simple technology involved to manufacture this product and for replacement of spare parts, the present demand and future prospect of this product is reasonably good.

An Electronic Energy Meter (EEM) functionally outperforms the traditional Ferrari’s wheel meter. One important advantage of EEM is that in non linear loads, its metering is highly accurate and electronic measurement is more robust than that of the conventional mechanical meters. The Power companies benefits from EEM in three significant ways.

1. It reduces the cost of theft and corruption on electricity distribution network with electronic designs and prepayment interfaces.

2. Electronic energy meter measures current in both Phase and Neutral lines and calculate power consumption based on the larger of the two currents.

3. EEM improves the cost and quality of electricity distribution.

Types of Energy Meters with respect to Technology

Electro-Mechanical Energy Meters

These energy meters are obsolete now but some countries are still using it due to its cheapness and robustness. They are also called as Disk meter because a disk is present inside the Energy Meter which rotates when current flows through it. This rotation is captured by the dial and enhance its readings as per the amount of current flown. The dial of the Disk Meter shows only kWh usage since the time of Energy Meter installation.

They came in both 3 phase and single phase types. Current rating for 3 Phase Disk Type Energy Meter is normally up to 100 Amps. A simple 3 phase disk type energy meter is present in the diagram below:

Digital Energy Meters

Digital Energy Meters are the 2nd generation of Energy Meters. These meters digitally measure the energy and other factors like voltage, current, instantaneous Power and show them on a LCD. They can store energy consumption data up to 2 years’ in EEPROM.

Digital Energy Meters came in single phase and 3 phase both types. Single phase type digital energy meters normally just display and store MDI and Energy units and that’s all.

On the other hand, digital 3 phase energy meters give tariff based energy units storing as well. As the rate of the unit is more at Peak Load times than at off peak load times. So, Energy meters must store energy units in two slots i.e. peak slot (T1) and off peak slot (T2) to differentiate the timing of electricity usage. This is the reason that they are also called as TOD (Time of Day) Energy meters.

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A battery electric vehicle (BEV) is an electric vehicle that utilizes  chemical energy stored in rechargeable  battery  packs. Electric vehicles use electric motors instead of, or in  addition to,  internal  combustion engines (ICEs).  Vehicles  using  both, electric motors and ICEs, are examples of a hybrid vehicles,  and are  usually  not  considered pure  BEVs.  Hybrid  vehicles  with batteries  that  can be charged and used without  their  ICE  are called plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, and are pure BEVs  while they  are not burning fuel. BEVs are usually  automobiles,  light trucks,  motorized  bicycles,  electric  scooters,  golf   carts, forklifts  and  similar  vehicles,  because  batteries  are  less appropriate for larger long-range applications.

  Project Report Covers:

•     Introduction
•     Uses and Applications
•     Properties
•     Market Survey with future aspects
•     Present Manufacturers
•     B.I.S. Specifications
•     Manufacturing Process with Formulae
•    Cost Economics with Profitability Analysis
•     Capacity
•     Land & Building Requirements with Rates
•     List & Details of Plant and Machinery with their Costs
•     Raw Materials
•     Details/List and Costs
•     Power & Water Requirements
•     Labour/Staff Requirements
•     Utilities and Overheads
•     Total Capital Investment
•     Turnover
•     Cost of Production
•     Break Even Point
•     Profitability
•     Land Man Ratio
•     Suppliers of Plant & Machineries and Raw Materials.

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The said concern shall be of partnership concern, which will be having three partners named Raj Kumar Goyal, Prem Chand  Goyal and  Anil  Kumar  Goyal. The unit  is  registered  with  Director industry, U.P. The UPSIDC has sanctioned a letter vide letter no. 10732/SIDC/ROC/54/16/SITE-4  Dated 21st Jan'03. All the  partners have got over 30 years experience in running Offset Printing  and Stationey Paper & Paper Products items.

Project Report Covers:

•     Introduction
•     Uses and Applications
•     Properties
•     Market Survey with future aspects
•     Present Manufacturers
•     B.I.S. Specifications
•     Manufacturing Process with Formulae
•    Cost Economics with Profitability Analysis
•     Capacity
•     Land & Building Requirements with Rates
•     List & Details of Plant and Machinery with their Costs
•     Raw Materials
•     Details/List and Costs
•     Power & Water Requirements
•     Labour/Staff Requirements
•     Utilities and Overheads
•     Total Capital Investment
•     Turnover
•     Cost of Production
•     Break Even Point
•     Profitability
•     Land Man Ratio
•     Suppliers of Plant & Machineries and Raw Materials.

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In regard to Energy Electronic Meter the vital  considerations of significance are CT Ratio (Current Rating) PT Ratio   (voltage Rating)  VA (Burden  Load)  Accuracy  or  Precision  construction Features  Functional  features  of  the  meter  ie, whether it is multifunctional or normal meter.

Project Reports covers:

Introduction
Uses and Applications
Properties
Market Survey with future aspects
Present Manufacturers
B.I.S. Specifications
Manufacturing Process with Formulae
Cost Economics with Profitability Analysis
Capacity
Land & Building Requirements with Rates
List & Details of Plant and Machinery with their Costs
Raw Materials
Details/List and Costs
Power & Water Requirements
Labour/Staff Requirements
Utilities and Overheads
Total Capital Investment
Turnover
Cost of Production
Break Even Point
Profitability
Land Man Ratio
Suppliers of Plant & Machineries and Raw Materials.

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DETAILED FEASIBILITY REPORT COVERS:

• Introduction
• Uses and Applications
• Properties
• Market Survey with future aspects
• Present Manufacturers
• B.I.S. Specifications
• Manufacturing Process with Formulae
• Plant Layout
• Cost Economics with Profitability Analysis
• Capacity
• Land & Building Requirements with Rates
• List & Details of Plant and Machinery with their Costs
• Raw Materials
• Details/List and Costs
• Power & Water Requirements
• Labour/Staff Requirements
• Utilities and Overheads
• Total Capital Investment
• Turnover
• Cost of Production
• Break Even Point
• Profitability
• Land Man Ratio
• Suppliers of Plant & Machineries and Raw Materials.

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