Milk – EIRI – eBooks and Project Reports

MILK PROCESSING

EIRI Team — Fri, 21 Oct 2022 05:26:39 +0000

Milk is essentially an emulsion of fat and protein in water, along with dissolved sugar (carbohydrate), minerals, and vitamins. These constituents are present in the milk of all mammals, though their proportions differ from one species to another and within species.

The milk of each species seems to be a complete food for its own young for a considerable time after birth. In the stomachs of the young, milk is converted to a soft curd that encloses globules of fat, enabling digestion to proceed smoothly without the disturbance often caused by fatty food. Lactose, or milk sugar, is broken down into simpler digestible sugars by the enzyme lactase, which is produced in the intestine of infants. Infants who do not produce lactase develop lactose intolerance, a condition in which a variety of gastrointestinal problems arise. Lactose intolerance also commonly develops after weaning or with advancing age, when many individuals cease producing lactase.

Milk protein is of high nutritional value because it contains all the essential amino acids—i.e., those which infants cannot synthesize in the necessary quantities. Milk’s mineral content includes calcium and phosphorus in quantities sufficient for normal skeletal development, but little iron. Milk contains B vitamins as well as small amounts of vitamins C and D. Commercial cow’s milk is commonly enriched with vitamins D and A before sale.

Microorganisms contained in raw (unheated) milk or picked up from the environment will quickly sour and curdle the milk. Cooling to slightly above its freezing point keeps milk palatable for a longer time by reducing the multiplication of spoilage bacteria and the chemical changes that they induce.

Many countries have laws requiring that milk be pasteurized as a protection against pathogenic (disease-causing) organisms. Pasteurization is a partial sterilization accomplished by raising the milk to a temperature high enough to destroy pathogenic bacteria and a large proportion of those causing spoilage. Pasteurized milk that is kept refrigerated in closed containers will remain consumable for approximately 14 days.

Milk fat, being less dense than other milk components, can be efficiently removed in a cream separator by centrifugation, yielding low-fat milk and skim milk. Low-fat milk contains 1–2 percent fat, while skim milk contains less than 0.5 percent fat.

Much of the milk sold as a beverage has undergone homogenization, a process in which the milk is forced under high pressure through small openings to distribute the fat evenly throughout the milk.

The dairy market in India reached a value of INR 13,174 Billion in 2021. Looking forward, the publisher expects the market to reach INR 30,840 Billion by 2027, exhibiting a CAGR of 14.98% during 2022-2027.

It is intended to prepare a Feasibility Report to install 200000 LTRS/DAY Milk Processing Facility as a Green Field Project.

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MILK CHILLING PLANT

EIRI Team — Thu, 08 Nov 2018 09:18:19 +0000

The importance of milk in human diet especially for children and expectant and nursing matters is vital.
Unlike rich countries like the U.K. and the U.S. dairying in India is a subsidiary occupation of almost all the farmers. More than 60 per cent of the families involved in dairying belong to the small or marginal farmers or even agricultural labourers.
In the first half of the 1900 dairying in the country was largely unorganized, except for military farm which were established and largely stocked with the European breeds. In the plantation areas, pure breed exotic bulls were randomly crossbled with local cows. Apart from the "poskets" of improved animals thus created, dairying was largely left in the hands   of traditional producers, middle man, product makers and vendors.
Some private dairies were more or less modern processing facilities were encouraged to make pasteurized butter mainly for the British Army. In the early 1940's one such firm also become the prime supplies to the country's first official urban milk supply scheme "The Bombay Milk Scheme".   Under it chilled milk was transported in cans by rails to Bombay from Anand in Kheda District some 425 km from Bombay.
When India became independent in 1947, are of earliest projects of its type to be adopted was the creater Bombay Milk Scheme which consisted of a market milk plant in Bombay, supplied with milk by the Khairs District Cooperative Milk producers union.
The union which had its processing plant close to the town of Anand, ultimately came to be known as the Anand Milk Union Ltd abbreviated to Amul, meaning "beyond price"   or priceless".
The worlds largest during development programme the operation flood is distinguished by its involvement of small holders and landless rural milk producers. It aims to create a "flood"   of usually-produced Milk assuring the   farmer   of remunerative price and ready market and the urban consumer of wholesome milk at stable and reasonable prices.

The modern dairy sector was best with problems, the more important of which were as follows.
State Government found it difficult to effectively against milk production, procurement processing and marketing.
The urban dairies were unable to obtain more than a 30 per cent share of their liquid-milk markets.
"Dairy development" had after been treated as if-it were synonymous with building dairy processing plants and there plants frequently got built in the towns where the consumers were, rather than in the milk-sheds where milk was produced and so they had found if difficult to organize rural milk procurement.

INTRODUCTION
KINDS OF MILK
PROPERTIES
DETAILED COMPOSITION OF MILK
FACTORS AFFECTING COMPOSITION OF MILK
TABLE
PROPERTIES OF MILK
TYPES OF MILK
RAW MATERIALS
OVERVIEW OF MILK IN INDIA
MARKET STRUCTURE:
GROWING DEMAND:
MILK SUPPLY:
MARKET SURVEY
PRODUCTION:
PRICES
FIGURE. INDIA: RISING FEED COSTS AND MILK PRICES
(FISCAL YEAR-APRIL-MARCH)
PRODUCTION POLICIES AND PROGRAMS
CONSUMPTION:
PROCESSING
TRADE:
EXPORTS
IMPORTS
POLICY:
TRADE POLICY
TABLE. INDIA: TARIFF STRUCTURE FOR VARIOUS DAIRY PRODUCTS, 2017
MILK PRODUCTION IN INDIA
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
COOLING AND STORING MILK:
FILTERATION:
STANDARDISATION:
HOMOGENISATION:
CLARIFICATION:
PASTEURISATION
PASTERIZATION REQUIREMENTS
THE FOLLOWING ARE THE MAIN SYSTEM OF PASTEURIZATION.
STING
PACKING
FLOW DIAGRAM
DETAILS OF MILK PROCESSING
COLLECTING
SEPARATING
FORTIFYING
PASTEURIZING
HOMOGEN IZING
PACKAGING
METHODS OF PASTEURIZATION & ITS BENEFITS
VAT PASTEURIZATION
HTST PASTEURIZATION
BENEFITS OF HTST PASTEURIZATION
PASTEURIZATION TEMPERATURE & TIME CHART
PASTEURIZATION CONDITION USED
FOR MILK PRODUCTS
TABLE. PASTEURIZATION CONDITIONS USED FOR MILK PRODUCTS.
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT & MACHINERY

APPENDIX – A:

1.     COST OF PLANT ECONOMICS
2.     LAND & BUILDING
3.     PLANT AND MACHINERY
4.     FIXED CAPITAL INVESTMENT
5.     RAW MATERIAL
6.     SALARY AND WAGES
7.     UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
8.     TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
9.     COST OF PRODUCTION
10.     PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS
11.     BREAK EVEN POINT
12.     RESOURCES OF FINANCE
13.     INTEREST CHART
14.     DEPRECIATION CHART
15.     CASH FLOW STATEMENT
16.     PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET

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MILK COW FARM {10,000 COW}

EIRI Team — Fri, 12 Jan 2018 13:06:46 +0000

Holstein Friesians (often shortened as Friesians in Europe and Holsteins in North America) are a breed of cattle known today as the world's highest-production dairy animals. Originating in Europe, Friesians were bred in what is now the Netherlands and more specifically in the two northern provinces of North Holland and Friesland, and northern Germany, more specifically what is now Schleswig-Holstein Germany. The animals were the regional cattle of the Frisians and the Saxons. The Dutch breeders bred and oversaw the development of the breed with the goal of obtaining animals that could best use grass, the area's most abundant resource. Over the centuries, the result was a high-producing, black-and-white dairy cow. It is black and white due to artificial selection by the breeders.

With the growth of the New World markets began to develop for milk in North America and South America, and dairy breeders turned to the Netherlands for their livestock. After about 8,800 Friesians (black pied Germans) had been imported, disease problems in Europe led to the cessation of exports to markets abroad.

INTRODUCTION
HOLSTEIN FRIESIAN COW (HF COW)
MILK PRODUCTION
DAIRY FARMING IN INDIA
1. IT IS ADVISABLE TO FEED ANIMAL WITH WET/COOKED FEED.
2. WATER REQUIREMENT CAN BE FULFILLED WITH 2/3 TIMES IN A DAY.
3. ANIMAL SHOULD BE FED CONTINUOUSLY THROUGHOUT THE DAY.
4. ANIMAL GIVES MORE MILK WITH MORE CONCENTRATE FEED.
5. THE ANIMAL'S MINERAL REQUIREMENT IS MET TOTALLY THROUGH
THE FEED & FODDER.
6. NATURAL SERVICE IS BETTER THAN ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION.
7. ANIMAL SHOULD FEED ONLY GRASS DURING THE DRY PERIOD.
USE OF MILK
BUFFALO MILK VS. COW MILK
INDIAN STANDARDS
B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
PROPERTIES OF MILK
QUALITY CONTROL TESTS FOR MILK AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE
CATTLE FEED
IN GENERAL PRACTICE THE FOLLOWING COMPOSITION IS FOLLOWED
FOR CATTLE FEED.
SOME MORE FORMULATIONS ARE AS FOLLOWS: -
COMPOSITION OF MILK
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MILK OF DIFFERENT SPECIES
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MILK OF INDIAN BREEDS
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MILK OF FOREIGN BREEDS OF COW
THE DETAILED COMPOSITION OF MILK IS GIVEN
SOME PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MILK
BACTERIOLOGICAL STANDARDS OF RAW MILK
CATTLE DESEASE AND TREATMENT
1. ACETONAEMIA:
2. AMOHISTOMIASIS:
3. ANAPLASMOSIS:
5. BABESIOSIS: ALSO KNOWN AS TICK FEVER.
6. BLACK-QUARTER:
7. BRONCHITIE:
8. BRUCELLOSIS: ALSO KNOWN AS CENTAGIOUS ABORTION.
9. DIAGNOSIS: BASED ON BACTERIOLOGIC EXAMINATION.
10. DIARRHOES: 40
12. FASCIOLIASIS: ALSO KNOWN AS LIVER FLUKE DISEASE.
13. HAEMORRHAGIE SEPTICAEMIA (H.S.):-
14. ANTIBIOTICS:
MARKET SURVEY
DEMAND OF MILK IN QATAR
THE TOTAL DELIVERY OF THE CATTLE IS EXPECTED TO TAKE 60 FLIGHTS.
THE INDIAN DAIRY FARM
DAIRY FARM:
DAIRY INDUSTRY IN INDIA
DAIRY PRODUCTS IN QATAR
PRESENTLY RUNNING DAIRY FARMS
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
THE DETAILED PROCESS IS GIVEN HERE WITH:-
MILKING BY HAND:
COOLING & STORING MILK:
FILTRATION:
STANDARDIZATION:
HOMOGENIZATION:
CLARIFICATION:
PASTEURIZATION:
REFRIGERATION OR FREEZING SYSTEM:
TESTING:
PACKING:
MANUFACTURE, PACKAGING AND STORAGE OF PASTEURIZED
MILK PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
METHOD FOR INCREASING MILK PRODUCTION IN LACTATING DAIRY CATTLE
RESULTS
DAIRY FARM CONSULTANTS
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT & MACHINERIES
MILKING MACHINE
MILK CHILLER
MILK RECEPTION TANKS
SUPPLIERS OF CATTLES
AYRSHIRE
CATTLE FEED MANUFACTURERS AND SUPPLIERS

APPENDIX – A:

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