Sodium chloride, common salt, is essential to human life. Our bodies contain up to 450 grams of salt and we need to take in a few grams each week to stay healthy. The value of salt can be seen in the way Roman soldiers used to be paid in salt, leading to the phrase "worth his salt" and our word "salary". The growth of industry has increased the demand for salt, both for direct use and as a raw material for producing other chemicals.

Throughout the world the main sources of salt are sea water, lake water and rock salt deposits. Salt is recovered from the sea and lakes by evaporation. Rock salt may be mined like coal, or recovered by drilling wells into the salt bed, forcing down pure water and pumping up the saturated brine which forms.

It is a deep red fuming liquid, member of the halogen elements as Group VII of the periodic table that is liquid at ordinary temperature and pressure. Rare element bromine is found in, nature dispersed throughout the earth crust only in compounds such as soluble and insoluble bromides. The chief commercial source of bromine is ocean water from which the element is extracted by means of chemical replacement (oxidation) by more active chlorine. Bromine has traditionally been manufactured as a byproduct from saline mother liquors (bitterns) left after the crystallization of the main salt products.

The properties of bromine are significantly different from those of fluorine and chlorine. Discovered in the early 19th century, in the form of its salts (bromides) in the bitterns remaining after evaporating sea water and extracting the sodium chloride, it was obtained latter from stassfurt, Germany, as a byproduct in the production of potassium salts and from other deposits and salt lakes.

Its main use was originally for bromides in medicine still a minor use. Bromine first because of industrial importance with the development of modern photographic process, in which the light sensitive material is an emulsion of minute particles of silver bromide (together with silver chloride or iodide or both) in gelatin.

For a time, the expanding world automobile industry. Threatened a scarcity of bromine, obtained from brines, which contained about 0.5% bromine. To meet the demand, it was necessary to turn to sea water which contains about 70 ppm bromine.

The chief sources of bromine are sea water, brines and betters and the natural deposits of potassium salts. In these, it is present in very small quantities in the combined state. Sea-water contains, 66 parts per million (0.0066 %) of bromine and in 1933, the DOW Chemical Co., (U.S.A.) developed a process for its recovery. Large quantities of bromine are now being produced both from the sea and from the salt & lakes. The U.S.A. is now the world largest producer and used the entire output for the manufacture of ethylene bromine.

The other prominent bromine producing countries are Germany and France.

Bromine, a heavy, mobile, reddish-brown liquid with an interesting irritating odour, is the only non-metallic element that is a liquid at normal temperature. It is a diatomic molecule with the chemical formula Br2

The bromine available for extraction occurs as bromide in the ocean, in salt lakes and in brine or saline deposits left by evaporation of such waters by solar heat. Sea bitterns, the left over concentrated solution after the crystallizing out of salt from the sea water, are very rich in bromine and offer a good raw material for the manufacture of bromine. Bromine is extracted from seawater.

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The earliest humans obtained their salt from natural salt concentrations, called licks, and from meat. Those people who lived near the ocean may have also obtained it by chewing seaweed or from the natural evaporation of small pools of seawater. Meat became a more important source of salt as hunting was developed, as did milk when sheep, goats, horses, camels, reindeer, and cattle were domesticated. Even today, certain peoples—such as the Inuit of the far north, the Bedouin of the Middle Eastern deserts, and the Masai of east Africa—use no other form of salt.

As agriculture developed, leading to an increased population and a diet consisting mostly of plants, it became necessary to devise ways of obtaining salt in greater amounts. The earliest method of salt production was the evaporation of seawater by the heat of the sun. This method was particularly suited to hot, arid regions near the ocean or near salty lakes and is still used in those areas. Solar evaporation was soon followed by the quarrying of exposed masses of rock salt, which quickly developed into the mining of underground deposits of salt. Two thousand years ago the Chinese began using wells to reach underground pools of salt water, some of which were more than 0.6 miles (1.0 km) deep.

INTRODUCTION
CHEMISTRY OF SODIUM CHLORIDE
RAW MATERIALS
USES AND APPLICATION
BIS SPECIFICATION & INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
PROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS
OCCURRENCE OF SALT
MARKET SURVEY
WORLD DEMAND OF SALT
IMPORT & EXPORT STATISTICS OF SALT IN EUROPEAN UNION
GLOBAL PRODUCTION OF SODIUM CHLORIDE
PRESENT MANUFACTURE OF INDUSTRIAL SALT (SODIUM CHLORIDE)
METHOD OF SALT MANUFACTURE
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF INDUSTRIAL SALT (SODIUM CHLORIDE)
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
METHOD OF PROCESSING TO MANUFACTURE SODIUM CHLORIDE
NOVAL SODIUM CHLORIDE PRODUCTION PROCESS
RAW MATERIAL CALCULATION
PLANT LAYOUT
PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT
PLANT LOCATION FACTORS
EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT REPORT
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT & MACHINERIES
FILTER PRESS
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERIES (IMPORTED)
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS

APPENDIX – A :

1.      COST OF PLANT ECONOMICS
2.      LAND & BUILDING
3.      PLANT AND MACHINERY
4.      FIXED CAPITAL INVESTMENT
5.      RAW MATERIAL
6.      SALARY AND WAGES
7.      UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
8.      TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
9.      COST OF PRODUCTION
10.      PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS
11.      BREAK EVEN POINT
12.      RESOURCES OF FINANCE
13.      INTEREST CHART
14.      DEPRECIATION CHART
15.      CASH FLOW STATEMENT
16.      PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET

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