ALUMINIUM EXTRUSION

The project report includes Present Market Position and Expected Future Demand, Market Size, Statistics, Trends, SWOT Analysis and Forecasts. Report provides a comprehensive analysis from industry covering detailed reporting and evaluates the position of the industry by providing insights to the SWOT analysis of the industry.

We can prepare PROJECT REPORT as per your INVESTMENT PLAN for BANK LOAN REQUIREMENT and INDUSTRY ANALYSIS. All reports are prepared by highly qualified consultants and verified by a panel of experts.

Have Query? Click Here to Chat
Industry Expert is Online, Chat with him for more detail.

Extrusion is a plastic deformation process in which a block of metal (billet) is forced to flow by compression through the die opening of a smaller cross-sectional area than that of the original billet Extrusion is an indirect-compression process. Indirect-compressive forces are developed by the reaction of the workpiece (billet) with the container and die; these forces reach high values. The reaction of the billet with the container and die results in high compressive stresses that are effective in reducing the cracking of the billet material during primary breakdown from the billet. Extrusion is the best method for breaking down the cast structure of the billet because the billet is subjected to compressive forces only.

Extrusion can be cold or hot, depending on the alloy and the method used. In hot extrusion, the billet is preheated to facilitate plastic deformation.

Factors Affecting Extrusion

Shape is a determining factor in the part’s cost and ease with which it can be extruded. In extrusion a wide variety of shapes can be extruded, but there are limiting factors to be considered. These include size, shape, alloy, extrusion ratio, tongue ratio, tolerance, finish, factor, and scrap ratio. If a part is beyond the limits of these factors, it cannot be extruded successfully.

The size, shape, alloy, extrusion ratio, tongue ratio, tolerance, finish, and scrap ratio are interrelated in the extrusion process as are extrusion speed, temperature of the billet, extrusion pressure and the alloy being extruded.

In general, extrusion speed varies directly with metal temperature and pressure developed within the container. Temperature and pressure are limited by the alloy used and the shape being extruded. For example, lower extrusion temperatures will usually produce shapes with better quality surfaces and more accurate dimensions. Lower temperatures require higher pressures. Sometimes, because of pressure limitations, a point is reached where it is impossible to extrude a shape through a given press.

The preferred billet temperature is that which provides acceptable surface and tolerance conditions and, at the same time, allows the shortest possible cycle time. The ideal is billet extrusion at the lowest temperature which the process will permit. An exception to this is the so-called press-quench alloys, most of which are in the 6000 series. With these alloys, solution heat-treat temperatures within a range of 930°-980°F must be attained at the die exit to develop optimum mechanical properties.

At excessively high billet temperatures and extrusion speeds, metal flow becomes more fluid. The metal, seeking the path of least resistance, tends to fill the larger voids in the die face, and resists entry into constricted areas. Under those conditions, shape dimensions tend to fall below allowable tolerances, particularly those of thin projections or ribs.

Another result of excessive extrusion temperatures and speeds is tearing of metal at thin edges or sharp corners. This results from the metal’s decrease in tensile strength at excessively high-generated temperatures. At such speeds and temperatures, contact between the metal and the die bearing surfaces is likely to be incomplete and uneven, and any tendency toward waves and twists in the shape is intensified.

As a rule, an alloy’s higher mechanical properties mean a lower extrusion rate. Greater friction between the billet and the liner wall results in a longer time required to start the billet extruding. The extrusion ratio of a shape is a clear indication of the amount of mechanical working that will occur as the shape is extruded.

Extrusion Ratio = area of billet/area of shape.

When the extrusion ratio of a section is low, portions of the shape involving the largest mass of metal will have little mechanical work performed on it. This is particularly true on approximately the first ten feet of extruded metal. Its metallurgical structure will approach the as-cast (coarse grain) condition. This structure is mechanically weak and shapes with an extrusion ratio of less than 10:1 may not be guaranteed as to mechanical properties.

As might be expected, the situation is opposite when the extrusion ratio is high. Greater pressure is required to force metal through the smaller openings in the die and extreme mechanical working will occur. Normally acceptable extrusion ratios for hard alloys are limited to 35:1 and for soft alloys, it is 100:1. The normal extrusion ratio range for hard alloys is from 10:1 to 35:1, and for soft alloys is 10:1 to 100:1. These limits should not be considered absolute since the actual shape of the extrusion can affect results. The higher the extrusion ratio, the harder the part is to extrude which is the result of the increased resistance to metal flow. Hard alloys require maximum pressure for extrusion and are even more difficult because of their poor surface characteristics which demand the lowest possible billet temperature.

Difficulty factor is also used to determine a part’s extrusion performance. Factor is the perimeter of the shape divided by the weight per foot. Factor = Perimeter of Shape/ Weight per Foot. Weight per foot is of primary importance because of the consideration for profitable press operation. As might seem obvious, a lighter section normally requires a smaller press to extrude it. However, other factors may demand a press of greater capacity such as a large, thin wall hollow shape. Though it has low weight per foot it may take more press tonnage to extrude it. The same reasoning applies to the factor as with the extrusion ratio. A higher factor makes the part more difficult to extrude consequently affecting press production.

The tongue ratio also plays an important role in determining a part’s extrusion performance. The tongue ratio of an extrusion is determined as follows: square the smallest opening to the void, calculate the total area of the shape, and then divide the opening squared by the area. The higher the ratio, the more difficult the part will be to extrude.

In order to help us understand your needs and requirements and service you better, the following is a check list of things to consider when submitting items to an extruder for quoting or new business:

Advantages of the extrusion process:

There are several advantages of the modern extrusion process

1. A variety of shapes are possible, especially with hot extrusion.

2. Grain structure and strength properties are enhanced in cold and warm extrusion.

3. Fairly close tolerances are possible, especially in cold extrusion.

4. Little or no wasted material is created. However, a limitation is that the cross section of the extruded part must be uniform throughout its length.

Category: Tag:

Description

INTRODUCTION
FACTORS AFFECTING EXTRUSION
ADVANTAGES OF THE EXTRUSION PROCESS:
TYPES OF EXTRUDED PROFILES
CLASSIFICATION OF ALUMINIUM EXTRUSION
(A) DIRECT (FORWARD) EXTRUSION
(B) INDIRECT (BACKWARD) EXTRUSION
(C) HOT EXTRUSION
(D) COLD EXTRUSION AND WARM EXTRUSION
PROPERTIES
PROPERTIES OF ALUMINIUM
WEIGHT
STRENGTH
LINEAR EXPANSION
MACHINING
FORMABILITY
CONDUCTIVITY
JOINING
REFLECTIVITY
SCREENING EMC
CORROSION RESISTANCE
NON-MAGNETIC MATERIAL
ZERO TOXICITY
USES AND APPLICATION
USES
APPLICATION
B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
PROCESS FLOW CHART
FOR ALUMINIUM BILLET
FOR ALUMINIUM EXTRUSION
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
FOR ALUMINIUM BILLET
(1) SCRAP PRETREATMENT –
METHODS OF PRETREATMENT
(A) COMMINUTION
(B) CLEANING
(I) MECHANICAL CLEANING
(II) PYROMETALLURGICAL CLEANING
(III) HYDROMETALLURGICAL CLEANING
(C) SORTING
METHODS OF SORTING
(I) MAGNETIC SEPARATION
(II) AIR SEPARATOR
(III) EDDY CURRENT
(IV) DENSE MEDIA SEPARATOR
(V) HAND SORTING
(VI) HOT CRUSH
(VII) INNOVATIVE SORTING SOLUTIONS
(D) DECOATING
(2) CHARGING AND FLUXING
(A) COVER FLUXES
(B) DROSSING FLUXES
(C) CLEANING FLUXES
(D) WALL CLEANING FLUXES
(E) DEGASSING FLUXES
(F) GRAIN REFINERS
(G) SILICON MODIFIERS
(H) DEMAGGING FLUXES
(3) MELTING PROCESS
TEMPERATURE CONTROL
SKIMMING
ALLOYING
(4) DEGASSING (MELT TREATMENT)
(5) INGOT CASTING
(6) QUALITY CONTROL
(5) EMISSIONS AND CONTROLS
(A) SCRAP PRETREATMENT EMISSIONS
(B) SMELTING/REFINING EMISSIONS
(6) SHIPMENT
SUMMARY FOR ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT
AIR ENVIRONMENT
WATER ENVIRONMENT
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
NOISE ENVIRONMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM
(8) QUALITY CONTROL
PLANT AND MACHINERY FOR ENVIRONMENT ANAGEMENT
CONTROL TECNIQUES FOR AIR POLLUTION
(1) GRAVITATIONAL SETLING CHAMBER
(2) CYCLONE SEPARATORS
(3) FABRIC FILTERS
(4) ELECTRO STATIC PRECIPITATORS
E. WET COLLECTORS OR SCRUBBERS
(5) WET SCRUBBERS
CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION
FOR ALUMINIUM EXTRUSION
THE STEPS IN THE EXTRUSION PROCESS ARE AS FOLLOWS:
ILLUSTRATION OF THE FLOW OF ALUMINUM AS IT PASSES THROUGH THE DIE
DESCRIPTION OF PROCESS
(1) BILLET PREHEATING
TABLE 1 TYPICAL BILLET TEMPERATURES OF SOFT AND MEDIUM-GRADE ALUMINUM ALLOYS
TABLE 2 TYPICAL BILLET TEMPERATURES OF HARD ALUMINUM ALLOYS
(2) EXTRUSION
(3) QUENCHING
(4) STRETCHING
(5) CUTOFF
(6) ARTIFICIAL AGING
TABLE 3 TYPICAL HEAT TREATMENT PARAMETERS OF SOME 6XXX ALLOYS
(7) INSPECTION AND TESTING
EXTRUSION MATERIALS INSPECTION
ALUMINUM ALLOY CHECK
EXTRUSION DYE CHECK
ADDITIVES CHECK
EXTRUSION VISUAL INSPECTION
VISUAL DEFECTS CHECK
COLOR AND GLOSSINESS CHECK
DIMENSIONAL INSPECTION
COATING AND FINISHING CHECK
WEIGHT AND DENSITY CHECK
EXTRUSION PERFORMANCE INSPECTION
TENSILE TEST
WELDABILITY CHECK
WORKABILITY CHECK
CORROSION RESISTANCE
FLAMMABILITY TESTING
HARDNESS TEST
WEATHERING RESISTANCE TESTING
ABRASION RESISTANCE
CHEMICAL RESISTANCE
DESCRIPTION OF EXTRUSION PRESS
MARKET POSITION
ALUMINIUM EXTRUSIONS – THE PROS AND CONS
PLANT LAYOUT
ALUMINIUM EXTRUSION SECTIONS
SUPPLIERS OF ALUMINIUM PROFILE
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
SUPPLIERS OF ALUMINIUM SCRAP
SUPPLIERS OF PICKLING CHEMICALS
SUPPLIERS OF SILICON POWDER
SUPPLIERS OF IRON POWDER
SUPPLIERS OF COPPER POWDER
SUPPLIERS OF MAGNESIUM POWDER
SUPPLIERS OF NICKEL POWDER
SUPPLIERS OF ZINC POWDER
SUPPLIERS OF LEAD POWDER
SUPPLIERS OF TIN POWDER
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
SUPPLIERS OF ALUMINIUM EXTRUSION PLANT
SUPPLIERS OF BILLET CASTING MACHINE
SUPPLIERS OF ALUMINIUM RECYCLING PLANT
SUPPLIERS OF SHEREDDER
SUPPLIERS OF DE-COATER
SUPPLIERS OF MAGENETIC SEPARATOR
SUPPLIERS OF SPECROMETER
SUPPLIERS OF POROSITY TESTING MACHINE
SUPPLIERS OF EOT CRANES
SUPPLIERS OF POWER TRANSFORMER
SUPPLIERS OF ELECTRICAL PANEL
SUPPLIERS OF COOLING TOWER
SUPPLIERS OF EFFULENT TREATMENT PLANT (ETP PLANT)
SUPPLIERS OF AIR POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENTS
SUPPLIERS OF AIR CONDITIONING EQUIPMENTS
SUPPLIERS OF AIR COMPRESSORS
SUPPLIERS OF PLATFORM WEIGHING MACHINE
SUPPLIERS OF MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENTS
SUPPLIERS OF FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENTS
SUPPLIERS OF SHOT BLASTING MACHINE
SUPPLIERS OF SILICON CARBIDE CRUCIBLE
SUPPLIERS OF MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENTS
SUPPLIERS OF NDT INSPECTION EQUIPMENT
SUPPLIERS OF FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENTS
SUPPLIERS OF ELECTRICAL MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

APPENDIX – A:

01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)

Additional information

Plant & Capacity

8 MT/Day

Land & Building

(8000 sq.mt.)

Plant & Machinery

US$.600000

Rate of Return

27%

Break Even Point

56%