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A ceiling fan is a device suspended from the ceiling of a room, with hub-mounted rotating blades that circulate the air, thereby producing a cooling or destratification effect. Most ceiling fans have an electrical switch that allows one to reverse the direction of rotation of the blades.
Principle behind the Ceiling Fan
The electric motor is the electric machine within the ceiling fan that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. The ceiling fan capacitor torques up the electric motor, allowing it to start and run. An electrical current reaches the motor and then enters coils of wire that are wrapped around a metal base. As this current passes through the wire, a magnetic field is caused that expends force in a clockwise motion that actually changes the electric energy into mechanical energy. This action causes the motor coils to spin. As the coils are spinning, the fan captures this spinning motion, transferring it to the fan blades.
How the Ceiling Fan Cools
Fans do not actually cool air (if anything, electric fans warm it slightly due to the warming of their motors), but the breeze created by a ceiling fan speeds the evaporation of sweat on human skin, which makes the body feel cool. Thus, fans may become ineffective at cooling the body if the surrounding air is near body temperature and contains high humidity.
Ceiling fans are very commonly used for circulation of air in a room to bring the cooling purpose easier. Due to circulation of air in a room, the cooling rate increases and we feel cool and less safiocation. When the air is circulated, air comes from other place and due to this the room becomes cool.
In order to meet the increased circulation of air the ceiling fan should following requirements.
a) The speed of rotation of ceiling fan should be adequately fast, a speed of nearly 220 rpm is sufficient for this purpose.
b) The speed of the ceiling fan should be adjustable so that a person can adjust the speed of the ceiling fan depending upon his requirement. For this purpose regulator is used.
c) The blades of the ceiling fan should never be flat; it should be of curved type so as to agitate the air which is in contact with than.
d) Amount of lubricates used in the ceiling fan should be minimum for servicing.
e) The weight of the ceiling fan should be neither too higher nor too low, in orders to have less support and less vibration.
Benefits of Ceiling Fans
Ceiling fans are more than just a basic amenity for residential applications. Increasingly, ceiling fans are found in applications varying from industrial and warehouse applications to offices and high-end hospitality settings, and everything in between.
The key benefits of ceiling fans are as follows:
• Thermal Comfort
• Improved Air Distribution
• Improved Perceived Air Quality
• HVAC First Cost Savings
• Energy Savings The following subsections describe each of these benefits in more detail.
Thermal Comfort
Simply stated, thermal comfort is an occupant’s satisfaction (“comfort”) with the perceived temperature (“thermal sensation”) of their environment. For centuries, humans have been using fans to help regulate thermal comfort. The reason for this is simple: in warm conditions there is generally less heat lost from the skin than in cooler conditions, and so people are at risk of warming up (the science of thermal comfort is described in more detail below). Increased air movement across the skin carries away more heat from the body (via convection and evaporation), and thereby restores comfort. Since the advent of mechanical HVAC systems, building designers have largely focused on a single factor of thermal comfort: air temperature. However, modifying other factors of thermal comfort, such as air speed, changes how a particular air temperature is perceived. Occupants near a ceiling fan will feel cooler than they would at the same temperature in still air, similar to the phenomenon of “wind chill”, though the wind chill index is typically used for higher air speeds and colder temperatures than occur indoors. Similarly, when the air temperature is warmer, occupants near a fan will feel more comfortable than they would in still air conditions.
Improved Air Distribution
In addition to the thermal comfort benefits of increased air speeds, ceiling fans can also improve air distribution, working in concert with the HVAC system to provide the desired thermal conditions more consistently throughout a space. When correctly designed and operated, ceiling fans support the HVAC system to minimize temperature gradients within a space, providing more consistent temperature and air quality conditions throughout a space. This improved air distribution can be effective for both heating and cooling scenarios. For example, ASHRAE Standard 62.1 – Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality lists a ventilation effectiveness of 0.8 for ceiling-supplied warm air systems (due to stratification of the warm air near the ceiling), but adding ceiling fans in this scenario brings the ventilation effectiveness back to 1.0, or fully mixed condition, reducing the amount of outside air required.
Improved Air Quality
By increasing air movement and improving air distribution in a space, ceiling fans also improve air quality. The increased air movement prevents the sensation of stale or stuffy air, and can help dissipate odors. One recent study has also documented a measurable air quality improvement from ceiling fans by dissipating CO2 and other exhaled pollutants that would otherwise gather near occupants in still air conditions. Large-scale studies of occupant survey data indicate that occupants would prefer more air movement than they have, especially in conditions where occupants report feeling warm, as illustrated in
First Cost Savings
The benefits described above—thermal comfort, improved air distribution, and improved air quality— achieve more than just increased occupant satisfaction, they can also help reduce first costs for HVAC systems. Using ceiling fans to more effectively distribute air throughout a space can reduce the extent of distribution ductwork and diffusers required to serve a zone. Additionally, if the same zone is designed to a slightly higher cooling setpoint due to the comfort cooling effect provided by the fans, this can also reduce the required latent and sensible cooling capacity of the HVAC system, providing first cost savings to equipment and ductwork.
Energy Savings
Perhaps most importantly, when implemented effectively as an integral component of a building’s thermal comfort strategy, ceiling fans can also result in significant energy savings by reducing the demand on the HVAC system. Although ceiling fans consume energy, the potential HVAC savings outweighs fan energy use, typically by a factor ranging between 10 and 100 times. The primary energy saving derives from thermal comfort benefits of ceiling fans, keeping occupants comfortable at higher temperatures and allowing for increased cooling setpoints. Effectively, a room with ceiling fans is thermally comfortable over a wider range of temperatures than a room without ceiling fans. This wider range of temperatures reduces the cooling and fan energy consumption of the HVAC system. Counterintuitively, this wider range of temperatures also reduces heating energy consumption because when a space is warmer, it will take longer to cool down to the heating setpoint. Lastly, when ceiling fans are used to provide air distribution, reducing the extent of distribution ductwork and diffusers, they also help reduce HVAC fan energy by reducing the pressure drop in the air system. The section on Modelling, Simulation and Estimating Energy Savings discusses these effects in more.
