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Importance of using super critical fluid in extraction of essential oils from flower, herbs and spices.
In modern times interest is growing in solvents that are high pressure intermediate density super critical fluids. The solvent power of such fluids can be changed by varying the density and less energy is required to separate solute from solvent than with conventional vaporization of liquids.
Super critical fluid extraction is a hybrid unit operation utilizing the advantages of both distillation and liquid extraction. It has the benefit that slight changes is the temperature and pressure in the critical region cause extremely large changes is the solvent density and thus its dissolving power.
In comparison with conventional processes, SCF (Super Critical Fluid Extraction) offers considerable flexibility for an extractive flexibility for an extractive separation using the variables of pressure, temperature choice of solvent, and additives called entertainers.
Heavy non-volatile substances dissolve in supercritical fluids (dense gases, compressed gases, super critical gases, high pressure gases), typically 2-7 orders of magnitude is excess of the amount based on the ideal gas low. This is due to the high density of the fluid, which can approach that of a liquid. Thus SCF offers both high solubility extraction based on the enhancement of vapour pressure and heavily complete solvent extract separation which is accomplished by reducing the solvent density to the gaseous state.
Essential oil also called etheral or volatile oils are volatile odoriferous bodies of an oily character derived mostly form vegetable sources. They occur in small concentrations in special cells, glands or ducts, either in one particular organ of the plant or distributed over many part e.g. leaves, barks, roots, flowers or fruits. Occasionally, they are present in combination with sugars, as glycosides, e.g. amyodalin in bitter almonds and sinigrin in mustard seeds, and are liberated when the glycosides are hydrolyzed. Essential oils are insoluble in water, but freely soluble in alcohol, either, fatty oils and mineral oils.
INTRODUCTION
MAJOR RAW MATERIALS USED IN EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OIL
USES AND APPLICATIONS
PHARAMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF ESSENTIAL OILS
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF ESSENTIAL OILS
PATCHOULI – A MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANT
FEATURES AND APPLICATION OF PATCHOULI OIL
PROPERTIES OF PATCHOULI OIL
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND PRECAUTION OF PATCHOULI OIL
B. I. S. SPECIFICATIONS
SPICE OIL MARKET POSITION
GLOBAL MARKET POSITION OF ESSENTIAL OIL
PRESENT MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS/EXPORTERS OF ESSENTIAL OILS
MANUFACTURING PROCESS FOR EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM FLOWERS, HERBS, SPICES BY SUPER CRITICAL FLUID (CARBON DIOXIDE)
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS
FROM FLOWERS USING SUPER CRITICAL FLUID METHOD
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR EXTRACTION
OF ESSENTIAL FLUID METHOD
PROCESS IN DETAILS FOR EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OIL
METHOD OF EXTRACTION OF PATCHOULI OIL
STEAM DISTILLATION OF PATCHOULI ESSENTIAL OIL
DIFFERENT METHODS FOR EXTRACTRACTING ESSENTIAL OIL
ANALYSIS OF ESSENTIAL OILS
DETAILS OF DISTILLATION AND SOLVENT EXTRACTION
DETAILS OF HYPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE GAS CO2 EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS
PLANT LAYOUT
PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT
PLANT LOCATION FACTORS
EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED
IN THE PROJECT REPORT
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERIES
APPENDIX – A :
1. COST OF PLANT ECONOMICS
2. LAND & BUILDING
3. PLANT AND MACHINERY
4. FIXED CAPITAL INVESTMENT
5. RAW MATERIAL
6. SALARY AND WAGES
7. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
8. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
9. COST OF PRODUCTION
10. PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS
11. BREAK EVEN POINT
12. RESOURCES OF FINANCE
13. INTEREST CHART
14. DEPRECIATION CHART
15. CASH FLOW STATEMENT
16. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET
| Plant Capacity | 150.00 KGS/day |
|---|---|
| Land & Building | (4000 Sq.Mtr) Rs. 4.84 Cr |
| Plant and Machineries | Rs. 3.00 Cr |
| Working Capital for 1 Month | Rs. 2.58 Cr |
| Total Capital Investment | Rs. 10.52Cr |
| Rate of Return | 27% |
| Break Even Point | 53% |
