LACTIC ACID

Lactic Acid occurs as a colorless or yellow, syrupy liquid consisting of a mixture of lactic acid (C3H6O3) and lactic acid lactate (C6H10O5). It is obtained by the lactic fermentation ofsugars or is prepared synthetically. It is usually available in solutions containing the equivalent of from 50% to 90% lactic acid. It is hygroscopic, and when concentrated by boiling, the acid condenses to form lactic acid lactate, 2-(lactoyloxy) propanoic acid, that on dilution and heating hydrolyzes to Lactic Acid. It is miscible with water and with alcohol.

Function: Acidifier.

Lactic acid (2-Hydroxy propanoic acid, L-hydroxy propionic acid) is  a fermentation product of molasses glucose. It occurs wildly in nature. It is the principal acid constituents of sour milk & a normal constituent of blood & muscle tissue of animals.

Lactic acid  is a  very  important  industrial  Chemical & is consumed,  by  many industries like  food,  beverages,  plastics, textile leather industry etc.

Lactic acid has a pleasant sour taste but no odour.  It is completely miscible with water, alcohol, & other, although it is insoluble in chloroform; then it does not crystallise from solution as do as do other acids. Also, its low melting point means that it is a liquid at most encountered temperature. It is a weak acid with good solvent properties & it polymerizes readily for the production of polymers. In addition many of its salts are quite soluble in water. These various properties have allowed lactic acid to find wide commercial usage.

INTRODUCTION
FUNCTION: ACIDIFIER.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
USES & APPLICATIONS
APPLICATIONS OF LACTIC ACID IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY
APPLICATIONS OF LACTIC ACID IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY
CONFECTIONERY
BEER AND WINE
BEVERAGES
OLIVES, PICKLES, CABBAGE, GHERKINS
DAIRY PRODUCTS
MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS
LACTIC ACID IS ALSO USED IN THE IMPROVEMENT OF SHELF-LIFE
OF BUFFALO MEAT.
MARKET SURVEY
LACTIC ACID & POLYLACTIC ACID MARKET, BY APPLICATION
LACTIC ACID & POLYLACTIC ACID MARKET, BY REGION
COMPETITIVE MARKET SHARE
PRESENT SUPPLY LEVEL
STATUS OF INDIAN TECHNOLOGY
OBSERVATIONS ON INDIAN R&D EFFORTS
CONTINOUS FERMENTATION PROCESS
IMPROVEMENT OF PROCESS YIELDS
PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS
GENERAL DETAILS
IDENTIFICATION OF INVESTOR
INSTALLED CAPACITY & PRODUCTION OF LACTIC ACID
APPARENT CONSUMPTION OF LACTIC ACID
ESTIMATED DEMAND
PRESENT MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS
HOW IS LACTIC ACID PRODUCED
B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
B.I.S. REQUIREMENTS
TABLE 1 REQUIREMENT FOR LACTIC ACID
METHOD OF TEST FOR LACTIC ACID
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
RAW MATERIALS REQUIREMENTS
PROCESS FLOW SHEET
PLANT LAYOUT
PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT
PLANT LOCATION FACTORS
EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED
IN THE PROJECT REPORT
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULES
OTHER COMMERCIAL METHODS
EXAMPLE 1
PRETREATMENT OF CARRIER, LOADING OF BIOREACTOR AND
BINDING OF CELLS
EXAMPLE 2
FIRST REFRESHING OF CELLS
EXAMPLE 3
PRODUCTION OF LACTATE
EXAMPLE 4
ION EXCHANGE OF LACTATE INTO LACTIC ACID
EXAMPLE 4A
ION EXCHANGE OF LACTATE INTO LACTIC ACID
EXAMPLE 5
SECOND REFRESHING AND PRODUCTION
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
REFINED SUGAR
HYDRATED LIME
SULFURIC ACID
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERIES
STORAGE TANKS
FERMENTERS
FILTER PRESS
BOILERS
LABORATORY EQUIPMENTS
D.G. SETS
INSTRUMENTATION & PROCESS CONTROL EQUIPMENTS
FILLING & SEALING MACHINE

APPENDIX – A:

1.      COST OF PLANT ECONOMICS
2.      LAND & BUILDING
3.      PLANT AND MACHINERY
4.      FIXED CAPITAL INVESTMENT
5.      RAW MATERIAL
6.      SALARY AND WAGES
7.      UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
8.      TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
9.      COST OF PRODUCTION
10.      PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS
11.      BREAK EVEN POINT
12.      RESOURCES OF FINANCE
13.      INTEREST CHART
14.      DEPRECIATION CHART
15.      CASH FLOW STATEMENT
16.      PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET