PRE-STRESSED CONCRETE RAILWAY SLEEPERS & P.C.C POLES

             Prestressed  concrete  is the concrete  in  which  permanent internal   stresses  are  deliberately  introduce,   usually   by tensioned  steel,  to  counteract to  the  designed  degree,  the stresses caused in the member in service.

Pre-tensioning  is the method  of prestressing  concrete  in which the tenons are tensioned before concreting.  Where as post-tensioning  is  the  method of  prestressing  concrete  in  which prestressing  steel is tensioned against the  hardened  concrete.

Initial tension is the maximum stress induced in the prestressing tenon  at  the  time  of  the  stressing  operation  and  initial prestress  is the stress in the concrete at  transfer.   Although the  first experiments were made in USA and the first patent  for prestressed  concrete  was  issued in 1988 for  P.H.  Jackson  of Sanfransisco, it was developed in Europe. French, German & Danish engineers  tried various ways of prestressing concrete, but  none was successful till 1930 when in France, the high strength  steel wire was used for prestressing concrete.  After 1950s,  actually, the  prestressed concrete has found its major uses in  fabricated constructions  where  it can be shop controlled &  tested.   Lift slab constructions were precast or cast on-site.  Today it can be well seen that prestressed concrete is finding its varied uses in various types of constructions.

Project Report Covers:

•     Introduction
•     Uses and Applications
•     Properties
•     Market Survey with future aspects
•     Present Manufacturers
•     B.I.S. Specifications
•     Manufacturing Process with Formulae
•    Cost Economics with Profitability Analysis
•     Capacity
•     Land & Building Requirements with Rates
•     List & Details of Plant and Machinery with their Costs
•     Raw Materials
•     Details/List and Costs
•     Power & Water Requirements
•     Labour/Staff Requirements
•     Utilities and Overheads
•     Total Capital Investment
•     Turnover
•     Cost of Production
•     Break Even Point
•     Profitability
•     Land Man Ratio
•     Suppliers of Plant & Machineries and Raw Materials.