In reclaiming of scrap vulcanized rubber, the scrap is normally ground and is then treated with the application of heat, chemical peptizers and is then intensely worked upon mechanically to partially de-vulcanize (break the bonds between rubber polymer chains) the rubber component. This partially de-vulcanized product is commonly called reclaimed or re-generated rubber and can be compounded, processed and re-vulcanized much like virgin rubber. The availability and processing characteristics of suitable scrap sources has dictated the types of reclaim produced. Reclaimed rubber has become widely accepted as a raw material which possesses processing and economic characteristics that are of great value in the compounding of natural and synthetic rubber compounds.

Re-generated or Reclaimed rubber is produced by partial de-vulcanization of rubber granulate obtained from end-of-life tyres and other rubber products. The regenerated rubber has almost the original plasticity of virgin rubber, permitting the same to be compounded, processed and re-vulcanized or reused.

Regeneration can occur either by breaking the existing cross links in the vulcanized rubber (partial de-vulcanization) or by promoting scission of the main chain of the polymer (breakage of C-C bonds) or a combination of both processes.

Partial De-vulcanization means selective cleavage or breakage of Disulphide (S-S) chemical bonds (see: Figure below) leading to the separation of natural rubber polymer chains using heat, mechanical shear force and assisted by peptizers (like process oil & pine tar oil) and reclaiming agent (like Disulphides). The de-vulcanization is partial i.e. some and not all Disulphide (SS) chemical bonds are broken. The main mechanism of de-vulcanization is by means of thermal – oxidative degradation and high shear force acting on the material.

Figure: Vulcanized Natural Rubber (with Sulphur)

By the application of heat and chemical agents followed by intense mechanical working to ground vulcanised scrap or worn out rubber tires, tubes and waste rubber articles, a substantial regeneration on devulcanisation of the rubber compound to its original plastic state is effected, thus permitting the product to be compounded, processed and revulcanised. Reclaiming is essentially depolymerisation and misnomerically called "devulcanisation" although combined sulphur is not removed. By this depolymerisation, the reclaimed rubber shows decreased resistance to deformation at ordinary temperature; thus losing its elastic nature and become less resistant to compression, stretching or swelling. Reclaimed rubber was born because a secondary source of rubber was urgently needed. Entire rubber industry was growing so fast in the early days and there was no enough crude rubber to substantiate the demand. Reclaim rubber soon become indispensable. Apart from this, tire pose a disposal problem and therefore utilized as basic raw material in the form of ground vulcanised waste (crumb rubber) or converted to reusable state-reclaimed rubber.

Because of short break-down and mixing time, the power consumption during break-down and mixing, low temperature required in calendering and extrusion, non-critical calendering temperature penetration to fabric, tack improvement, minimising sulphur bloom, forming of uncurved stock, low swelling and shrinkage on extrusion and calendering, low thermoplasticity, high rate of cure and cheaper rubber/filler are important considerations in the mind of the compounder in deciding upon regular use of reclaim for low cost, energy, conservation and efficient processing steps even with new generation polymers to achieve desired optimum properties. Reclaimed rubber is primarily used in the manufacture of cycle tyres, Rickshaw tyres, Battery Boxes, Automobile tyres and other moulded rubber goods.

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Medical gloves are traditionally made of latex and powdered with cornstarch to lubricate the gloves, making them easier to don. Cornstarch replaced Lycopodium powder and/or talc but since cornstarch can also impede healing if it gets into tissues (as during surgery), non-powdered gloves are being used more often during surgery and other sensitive procedures. Special manufacturing processes are used to compensate for the lack of powder.

Medical gloves can further be divided into two,

•    Surgical (surgeon’s) gloves
•    Examination gloves

A surgical (surgeon’s) glove is a device made of natural or synthetic rubber intended to be worn by operating room personnel to protect a surgical wound from contamination.

Surgical gloves have more precise sizing (numbered sizing, generally from size 5.5 to size 9), and are made to higher specifications. They are hand specific. Due to the increasing rate of latex allergy among health professionals as well as in the general population, there has been an increasing move to gloves made of non-latex materials such as vinyl or nitrile rubber. However, these gloves have not yet replaced latex gloves in surgical procedures, as gloves made of alternate materials generally do not fully match the fine control or greater sensitivity to touch available with latex surgical gloves. High-grade non-latex gloves (such as nitrile gloves) also cost two or more times the price of their latex counterparts, a fact that has often prevented switching to these alternate materials in costsensitive environments, such as many hospitals.

Powder-free medical gloves are also used in medical clean room environments, where the need for cleanliness is often similar to that in a sensitive medical environment. Similar but specially tested gloves are used in electronics clean rooms.

INTRODUCTION
PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERISTICS
USES AND APPLICATION
B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
TYPES OF DISPOSABLE GLOVES
GLOVER PROPERTIES, DEFECT & REMEDIES
MARKET SURVEY
POTENTIAL CONSUMERS
IMPORT OF SURGICAL GLOVES SURGICAL GLOVES IMPORT DATA
DETAILED IMPORT DATA OF SURGICAL GLOVES
INSTALLED CAPACITY, UTILIZATION & PRODUCTION OF SURGICAL GLOVES
APPARENT CONSUMPTION OF SURGICAL GLOVES
ESTIMATED DEMAND
DEMAND SUPPLY GAP
PRESENT MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS/EXPORTERS OF SURGICAL GLOVES
ROLE OF ACCELERATORS IN GLOVES MAKING
TECHNOLOGY AND PRODUCTION PROCESS
FOR SURGICAL GLOVES
PROCESSING METHOD OF SURGICAL GLOVES
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF SURGICAL GLOVES
FORMULATION OF MEDICAL EXAMINATION GLOVES (LATEX BASED)
FORMULATION OF LATEX SURGICAL GLOVES
FORMULATION OF NITRILE GLOVES
FORMULATION OF NEOPRENE BASED SURGICAL GLOVES
FORMULATION OF SURGICAL GLOVES
PROCESS IN DETAILS
TESTING AND QUALITY CONTROL OF GLOVES
AFTER TREATMENTS OF GLOVES
GLOVE ALLERGY AND ITS REMEDIES
PREPARATION OF A POLYISOPRENE COATED GLOVES
PROCESS OF POWDER FREE GLOVES (POLYURETHANE COATED)
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF NITRILE GLOVES
PROCESS FLOW FOR MANUFACTURE OF NON-STERILE SURGICAL GLOVES
PLANT LAYOUT
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
GLOBAL PLANT & MACHINERIES SUPPLIERS
ADDRESSES FOR GETTING PERMISSION/ APPROVAL FOR SURGICAL GLOVES
BUYER’S ADDRESSES FOR SURGICAL GLOVES

APPENDIX – A:

1.      COST OF PLANT ECONOMICS
2.      LAND & BUILDING
3.      PLANT AND MACHINERY
4.      FIXED CAPITAL INVESTMENT
5.      RAW MATERIAL
6.      SALARY AND WAGES
7.      UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
8.      TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
9.      COST OF PRODUCTION
10.      PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS
11.      BREAK EVEN POINT
12.      RESOURCES OF FINANCE
13.      INTEREST CHART
14.      DEPRECIATION CHART
15.      CASH FLOW STATEMENT
16.      PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET

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      Troughing idlers are use for conveying bulk materials, and are designed and manufactured with Troughing angels of 200 and300 normally. Idlers of 450 trough angle or any other angle are also manufactured as per customer's design and drawings. We can also design manufacture and supply 5 rollers type idlers. Mounting brackets are manufactured out of standard steel sections to have rigidity and stability of the frame. Shafts are manufactured out of Carbon steel bright steel bars suitable for any torsional load and bending movement.

1. INTRODUCTION
2. MINING EQUIPMENTS
3. USES AND APPLICATIONS
4. MARKET SURVEY
5. MANUFACTURERS/SUPPLIERS AND

EXPORTERS OF IDLER ROLLERS

6. PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE
7. PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT
8. PLANT LOCATION FACTORS
9. EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT REPORT
10. MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT SUPPLIERS
11. SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS

APPENDIX - A

COST OF PLANT ECONOMICS

1. LAND & BUILDING
2. PLANT AND MACHINERY
3. FIXED CAPITAL INVESTMENT
4. RAW MATERIAL
5. SALARY AND WAGES
6. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
7. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
8. COST OF PRODUCTION
9. PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS
10. BREAK EVEN POINT
11. RESOURCES OF FINANCE
12. INTEREST CHART
13. DEPRECIATION CHART
14. CASH FLOW STATMENT
15. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET

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Each ‘EIRI’ MARKET OVERVIEW CUM DETAILED TECHNO ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY REPORT (Complete Report) tentatively covers
•    Introduction
•    Properties
•    BIS (Bureau of Indian Standard) Specifications & Requirements
•    Uses & Applications
•    Present Indian Market Overview/Position
•    Export & Import Statistics Data
•    Names and Addresses of Existing Units (Present Manufactures)
•    List of Plant & Machineries
•    Miscellaneous Items and Accessories
•    Instruments, Laboratory Equipments and Accessories
•    Electrification, Electric Load and Water
•    Maintenance, Suppliers/Manufacturers of Plant and Machineries
•    Manufacturing Process with Formulations (If applicable)
•    Flow Sheet Diagram
•    List of Raw Materials
•    Availability of Raw Materials
•    Requirement of Staff & Labour
•    Personnel Management
•    Skilled & Unskilled Labour
•    Requirement of Land Area
•    Built up Area
•    Plant Layout
Along with financial details as under:
•    Summary of Capital Cost of Project
•    Land & Side Development Exp.
•    Buildings
•    Plant & Machineries
•    Misc. Fixed Assets
•    Technical Know how Fees & Exp.
•    Preliminary Expenses
•    Pre-operative Expenses
•    Provision for Contingencies
Below mentioned financial statements (Annexure) will be  for 5 to 10 Years
•    Annexure:: Cost of Project and Means of Finance
•    Annexure:: Output, Profitability and Cash Flow Chart
•    Annexure:: Assessment of Working Capital requirements
•    Annexure:: Sources of Finance
•    Annexure:: Balance Sheets
•    Annexure:: Break-Even Analysis and profitability analysis.
•    Annexure:: Quantitative Details-Output/Sales/Stocks
•    Annexure:: Sales Realisation
•    Annexure:: Raw Material Cost
•    Annexure:: Other Raw Material Cost
•    Annexure:: Packing Material Cost
•    Annexure:: Consumables, Store etc.,
•    Annexure:: Employees Expenses
•    Annexure:: Fuel Expenses
•    Annexure:: Power/Electricity Expenses
•    Annexure:: Repairs & Maintenance Exp.
•    Annexure:: Other Mfg. Expenses
•    Annexure:: Administration Expenses
•    Annexure:: Selling Expenses
•    Annexure:: Depreciation Charges - Profitability
•    Annexure:: Depreciation Charges
•    Annexure:: Interest and Repayment - Term Loans
•    Annexure:: Tax on Profit
•    Annexure:: Assumptions for Profitability workings
•    Annexure:: Assessment of Working Capital

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‘Retreading’ means taking a worn casing of good structural quality and putting it through a process which completely renews the tread of the tyre and sometimes the sidewall rubber. The rebuilt tyre is then subjected to a curing process where the new rubber is vulcanised to the casing and the tread pattern is formed.

Over the years tyre manufacturers have invested heavily in product development to deliver tyres that not only
have a ‘first life’ but are also designed to perform equally as well in subsequent second and even third lives. Stronger casings, improved re-manufacturing techniques, a variety of specialist rubber compounds, coupled with the need to recycle and reduce the negative impact on the environment has lead to a sustained growth in the retread industry.

•    INTRODUCTION
•    CONSTRUCTION OF TYRES
•    USES AND APPLICATION
•    B.I.S. OR OTHER INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS OF SPECIFICATION
•    PROPERTIES
•    MARKET SURVEY
•    PRESENT MANUFACTURERS
•    PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE COLD PROCESS OF TYRE RETREADING
•    PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT
•    PLANT LOCATION FACTORS
•    EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT REPORT
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULES
•    COMPLETE PLANT SUPPLIERS
•    SUPPLIERS OF OTHERS PLANT AND MACHINERIES
•    SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS
•    DETAILS OF THE MACHINERY USED IN TYRE RETREADING

APPENDIX – A :

.      COST OF PLANT ECONOMICS
2.      LAND & BUILDING
3.      PLANT AND MACHINERY
4.      FIXED CAPITAL INVESTMENT
5.      RAW MATERIAL
6.      SALARY AND WAGES
7.      UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
8.      TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
9.      COST OF PRODUCTION
10.      PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS
11.      BREAK EVEN POINT
12.      RESOURCES OF FINANCE
13.      INTEREST CHART
14.      DEPRECIATION CHART
15.      CASH FLOW STATEMENT

The post TYRE RETREADING appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

Heaps of scrap tires are no better than reservoirs loaded with fly ash from coal fired power plants. Both fly ash and tire scrap are on the edge of being classified as hazardous wastes. Pollutants rise from festering pools of ash and smoldering piles of tires. The toxic compounds fall into nearby communities. Beneath these stews, heavy metals and polyaromatic hydrocarbons migrate into streams and aquifers.

But does shifting these wastes indoors represent a positive alternative?

Avoiding Contaminants in Tire-Derived Flooring describes the origins and fate of crumb rubber used in building materials. It concludes that tires contain a host of toxic ingredients to which people may be exposed when this material is brought into homes, schools, gyms and offices.

This Healthy Building Network investigation concludes with these recommendations:

• Tire crumb processors should start screening tire crumb for toxic ingredients.
• Processors should obtain third-party certification that crumb does not contain toxic ingredients above thresholds of concern.
• Flooring manufactures should only use tire crumb that has third-party certified screening procedures.

These are not current practices. Given the current situation, the Healthy Building Network does not recommend the use of Tire-Derived flooring in interior applications, especially where children may come into direct contact with the flooring.

INTRODUCTION
OVERVIEW OF CRUMB RUBBER
CRUMB RUBBER PRODUCT RANGE
RUBBER TILES MANUFACTURE AND BENEFITS
RUBBER FLOOR TILES SPECIFICATION
TYPES OF RUBBER FLOORING AND ITS APPLICATION
MARKET SURVEY
ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE    OF RUBBER FLOORING
CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF RUBBER FLOORING
RUBBER FLOORING PRODUCTS FROM RECLAIMED RUBBER
RUBBER TILES CLASSIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION
PROCESS DESCRIPTION OF ANTI SHOCK PAVING RUBBER TILES
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
PRODUCTION METHOD OF FLOOR COVERING
SERVICE LIFE OF RUBBER FLOORING AND PREVENTION OF STRUCTURAL DAMAGE
DETAILS OF MOULDING PLANT FOR RECYCLED RUBBER FLOORING
PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT
PLANT LOCATION FACTORS
EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT REPORT
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT & MACHINERIES
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIAL

APPENDIX – A :

1.      COST OF PLANT ECONOMICS
2.      LAND & BUILDING
3.      PLANT AND MACHINERY
4.      FIXED CAPITAL INVESTMENT
5.      RAW MATERIAL
6.      SALARY AND WAGES
7.      UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
8.      TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
9.      COST OF PRODUCTION
10.      PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS
11.      BREAK EVEN POINT
12.      RESOURCES OF FINANCE
13.      INTEREST CHART
14.      DEPRECIATION CHART
15.      CASH FLOW STATEMENT

The post ANTI SHOCK PAVING TILES (RUBBER TILES) appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

The  manufacturing  of  automobile  tyres  as  an  essential ancillary  for  the development of automobile  sector  came  into being  in  India during 1930's when the  Dunlop  India  Ltd,  the first  tyre  manufacturing  transnational  company  started   its operation in 1935 at Sahaganj in West Bengal.

Project Report Covers:

•     Introduction
•     Uses and Applications
•     Properties
•     Market Survey with future aspects
•     Present Manufacturers
•     B.I.S. Specifications
•     Manufacturing Process with Formulae
•    Cost Economics with Profitability Analysis
•     Capacity
•     Land & Building Requirements with Rates
•     List & Details of Plant and Machinery with their Costs
•     Raw Materials
•     Details/List and Costs
•     Power & Water Requirements
•     Labour/Staff Requirements
•     Utilities and Overheads
•     Total Capital Investment
•     Turnover
•     Cost of Production
•     Break Even Point
•     Profitability
•     Land Man Ratio
•     Suppliers of Plant & Machineries and Raw Materials.

The post TYRES, TUBES & FLAP (MOPED TO TRUCK) appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

Project Report Covers:

•     Introduction
•     Uses and Applications
•     Properties
•     Market Survey with future aspects
•     Present Manufacturers
•     B.I.S. Specifications
•     Manufacturing Process with Formulae
•    Cost Economics with Profitability Analysis
•     Capacity
•     Land & Building Requirements with Rates
•     List & Details of Plant and Machinery with their Costs
•     Raw Materials
•     Details/List and Costs
•     Power & Water Requirements
•     Labour/Staff Requirements
•     Utilities and Overheads
•     Total Capital Investment
•     Turnover
•     Cost of Production
•     Break Even Point
•     Profitability
•     Land Man Ratio
•     Suppliers of Plant & Machineries and Raw Materials.

The post SURGICAL GLOVES FROM LATEX appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

Project Report Covers:

•     Introduction
•     Uses and Applications
•     Properties
•     Market Survey with future aspects
•     Present Manufacturers
•     B.I.S. Specifications
•     Manufacturing Process with Formulae
•    Cost Economics with Profitability Analysis
•     Capacity
•     Land & Building Requirements with Rates
•     List & Details of Plant and Machinery with their Costs
•     Raw Materials
•     Details/List and Costs
•     Power & Water Requirements
•     Labour/Staff Requirements
•     Utilities and Overheads
•     Total Capital Investment
•     Turnover
•     Cost of Production
•     Break Even Point
•     Profitability
•     Land Man Ratio
•     Suppliers of Plant & Machineries and Raw Materials.

The post BUTYL RUBBER FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF TUBES FOR TRUCK AND CAR TYRES appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.

Project Report Covers:

•     Introduction
•     Uses and Applications
•     Properties
•     Market Survey with future aspects
•     Present Manufacturers
•     B.I.S. Specifications
•     Manufacturing Process with Formulae
•    Cost Economics with Profitability Analysis
•     Capacity
•     Land & Building Requirements with Rates
•     List & Details of Plant and Machinery with their Costs
•     Raw Materials
•     Details/List and Costs
•     Power & Water Requirements
•     Labour/Staff Requirements
•     Utilities and Overheads
•     Total Capital Investment
•     Turnover
•     Cost of Production
•     Break Even Point
•     Profitability
•     Land Man Ratio
•     Suppliers of Plant & Machineries and Raw Materials.

The post TYRE RETREADING appeared first on EIRI - eBooks and Project Reports.